Weed invasion in East Africa: insights from herbarium records |
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Authors: | J STADLER G MUNGAI & R BRANDL |
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Institution: | Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig‐Halle Ltd, Department of Community Ecology, Hallesche Str. 44, D‐06246 Bad Lauchstädt, Germany,;National Museums of Kenya, East African Herbarium, Nairobi,;Centre for Environmental Research Leipzig‐Halle Ltd, Department of Ecological Modelling, Permoserstr. 15, D‐04318 Leipzig, Germany |
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Abstract: | The invasion process was documented from data on the labels of specimens stored in the East African Herbarium at the National Museums of Kenya. We analysed data from seven abundant alien plant species: Ageratum conyzoides L. (Asteraceae), Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Med . (Brassicaceae ) , Datura stramonium L. (Solanaceae), Galinsoga parviflora Cav. (Asteraceae), Tagetes minuta L. (Asteraceae), Spergula arvensis L. (Caryophyllaceae) and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. (Caryophyllaceae) and compared these data with the spread of two native weeds: Cynoglossum coeruleum A.DC. (Boraginaceae) and Senecio discifolius Oliv. (Asteraceae). Although all investigated species had been already recorded before the Second World War, most specimens were collected between 1960 and 1980. This regional spread is correlated with a change in the agricultural systems of Kenya. The early records of alien weeds were restricted to higher altitudes. With the increasing human population and the associated increase of agricultural activities (e.g. irrigation in arid areas) the weed species from South America were able to spread to lower altitudes. |
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Keywords: | alien weeds indigenous invasion herbarium |
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