Processing cereal straws by steam explosion in a pilot plant to enhance digestibility in ruminants |
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Authors: | Viola E Zimbardi F Cardinale M Cardinale G Braccio G Gambacorta E |
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Institution: | ENEA, Italian Agency for New Technology, Energy and Environment, Biomass Section, cp 1, 75025 Policoro (MT), Italy. viola@trisaia.enea.it |
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Abstract: | Wheat, barley and oat straws were treated by steam explosion (SE) and then washed with 50g/l NaOH solution. The SE treatment was optimized at batch scale on the basis of carbohydrate recovery. Stocks of fodder (300kg) were produced at 198 degrees C for 2.5min by a continuous reactor and used for in vivo digestibility tests carried out on sheep. The flow-sheet and the mass balances were obtained for the entire process. For the three straws, the water consumption has been 7.3kg/kg of straw. To delignify and improve the digestibility of the straws, 20g of NaOH/kg straw was used. The yield of fodder, lignin and hemicellulose is dependant on the nature of the starting straw. Delignified fodder (insoluble fraction) can be produced with a yield of 0.64, 0.59, 0.55, respectively, from wheat, barley and oat straw. SE improved the digestibility of the straw by 25%; alkaline washing further increased it by 9%. Balanced rations containing, on a DM basis, 1/4 of treated straw, had digestibility coefficients similar to those of commercial rations based on alfalfa. |
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