Molecular Evidence for the Ancient Origin of the Ribosomal Protection Protein That Mediates Tetracycline Resistance in Bacteria |
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Authors: | Takeshi Kobayashi Lisa Nonaka Fumito Maruyama Satoru Suzuki |
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Institution: | (1) Center for Marine Environmental Studies (CMES), Ehime University, 3 Bunkyo-cho, Matsuyama, Ehime 790-8577, Japan;(2) The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minatoku, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan |
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Abstract: | The ribosomal protection proteins (RPPs) mediate the resistance to tetracycline (TC) in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
The RPPs display sequence similarity to translation elongation factors, EF-G/EF-2 and EF-Tu/EF-1α. To determine the evolutionary
origin of the RPPs, we constructed a composite phylogenetic tree of the RPPs, EF-G/EF-2 and EF-Tu/EF-1α. This tree includes
two universal trees for the EF-G/EF-2 and EF-Tu/EF-1α, which form clusters corresponding to the respective two groups of proteins
from three superkingdoms. The cluster of RPPs was placed at a point between the EF-G/EF-2 and EF-Tu/EF-1α clusters. The branch
length (substitutions/site) between the node for the RPP cluster and the primary divergence of the RPPs was statistically
shorter than that between the node for this cluster and the primary divergence in the EF-G/EF-2 cluster. This indicates that
the RPPs derived through duplication and divergence of the ancient GTPase before the divergence of the three superkingdoms.
Furthermore, this suggests the RPPs’ extant function occurred before the streptomycetes that include the TC-producing strains.
Therefore, the RPPs evolved independent of the presence of TCs and serve a function other than antibiotic resistance. The
RPPs may provide ribosomal protection against other chemical substances in the environment.
Reviewing
Editor: Dr. Margaret Riley
Takeshi Kobayashi, Lisa Nonaka have contributed significantly to the research and preparation of this article. |
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Keywords: | Bacteria Antibiotic Tetracycline Resistance Ribosomal protection protein Evolution Origin EF-G/EF-2 EF-Tu/EF-1α Composite phylogenetic tree |
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