短尾猴的社会行为与社会关系

群体生活的动物通过社会行为相联系，社会行为的类别和发生的频率决定了动物社会关系的性质，进而决定了社会结构的类型。本文根据作者在安徽黄山对短尾猴16年的观察研究，描述和分析了一些重要的社会行为，探讨了短尾猴社会中各种社会关系的特点和性质。雌性短尾猴之间的行为比较简单，缺乏多样性，主要通过近距及理毛等状态性行为建立和维持，是长久和稳固的关系；雄性短尾猴之间具有丰富的行为，事件性行为(如拥抱、爬跨等)占主要部分，易发生冲突但也易于和解；雄性和雌性关系与繁殖季节有关，交配期主要是性关系，产仔期主要是友好关系；成体和幼体的关系主要是照料与被照料的关系。

Social Behaviors and Relationships among Tibetan Macaques

Social behavior is the behavioral interaction among group -living animals, and the types and frequency of social behaviors determine the social relationships and further the types of social organizations in the group -living animals. Based on a 16-year field study in Huangshan mountain of Anhui Province, we here describe and analyze some important behaviors, and discuss th e characters and qualities of social relationships in Tibetan monkeys (Macaca thibetana). Female Tibetan macaques kept interaction with state behaviors such as staying in proximity and social grooming, and coalitions occurred among kin more than non-kin. Males frequently interacted with event behaviors such as emb racing and mounting. Both conflict and conciliate were frequently observed in ma les. In Tibetan macaque group, higher-ranking males always ally to attack lower -ranking ones. The relationship between males and females change according to t he reproductive seasons, sexual relations in mating season and friendship in bir th season. Caring and being-cared were the predominant relations between adults and infants.