脂肪间充质干细胞的分离培养、多向分化及其应用前景

脂肪组织几乎遍布于动物体全身，在整个生命过程中有极强的可塑性. 近年研究表明，运用相似的分离方法，可从人、小鼠、大鼠、兔和猪等物种脂肪组织中分离获得脂肪间充质干细胞. 与骨髓来源的间充质干细胞相比，它具有相似的表面标记和分化潜能;在合适的诱导条件下，这种细胞能分别向3个胚层的细胞分化，如成肌细胞、心肌细胞、软骨细胞、成骨细胞、脂肪细胞、神经细胞、血管内皮细胞和肝细胞等;脂肪间充质干细胞具有来源丰富，取材安全方便和扩增速率高的特点，使其在细胞治疗和组织工程方面具有更广阔的应用前景.

Culture,Differentiation and Potential Application of Adipose Mesenchymal Stem Cells

Adipose tissue has a remarkable ability to undergo considerable changes in volume during the lifespan of an individual. Recent researches have demonstrated the potential ability of adipose mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs) which were harvested from human, mouse,rat, rabbit and pig adipose tissue, respectively. Fibroblast-like AMSCs are morphologically similar to MSCs obtained from other tissue during the cell isolation and culturing. The isolation of AMSCs can be cryopreserved and expanded easily in vitro. Compared with bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs), AMSC have an equal potential to differentiate into cells and tissues of mesenchymal origin under lineage-specific conditions, such as adipocytes, myoblasts, cadiocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes, vascular endothelial cells. In vitro,both AMSC and BMSC have similar remarkable expression. However, the easy and repeatable access to subcutaneous adipose tissue and the simple isolation procedures provide a great advantage. So AMSC might offer future perspectives in organ-specific tissue engineering and tissue reconstruction and maybe have broader implications in tissue-engineering applications as well as gene delivery vehicles.