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Postdelivery changes in maternal and infant erythrocyte fatty acids in 3 populations differing in fresh water fish intakes
Authors:Kuipers Remko S  Luxwolda Martine F  Sango Wicklif S  Kwesigabo Gideon  Dijck-Brouwer D A Janneke  Muskiet Frits A J
Affiliation:aLaboratory Medicine, Room Y 3.181, University Medical Center Groningen (UMCG), P.O. Box 30.001, 9700 RB Groningen, The Netherlands;bSame Regional Hospital, Private Bag, Same, Tanzania;cDepartment of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Muhimbili University College of Health Sciences, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
Abstract:

Introduction

Long-chain polyunsaturated (LCP) fatty acids (FA) are important during infant development. Mother-to-infant FA-transport occurs at the expense of the maternal status. Maternal and infant FA-status change rapidly after delivery.

Methods

Comparison of maternal (mRBC) and infant erythrocyte (iRBC)-FA-profiles at delivery and after 3 months exclusive breastfeeding in relation to freshwater-fish intakes. Approximation of de-novo-lipogenesis (DNL), stearoyl-CoA-desaturase (SCD), elongation-of-very-long-chain-FA-family-member-6 (Elovl-6), delta-5-desaturase (D5D) and delta-6-desaturase (D6D)-enzymatic activities from their product/essential-FA and product/substrate-ratios.

Results and discussion

Increasing iRBC-14:0 derived from mammary-gland DNL. Decreasing mRBC-ω9, but increasing iRBC-ω9, suggest high ω9-FA-transfer via breastmilk. Decreasing (m+i)RBC-16:0, DNL- and SCD-activities, but increasing (m+i)RBC-18:0 and Elovl-6-activity suggest more pronounced postpartum decreases in DNL- and SCD-activities, compared to Elovl-6-activity. Increasing (m+i)RBC-18:3ω3, 20:5ω3, 22:5ω3, 18:2ω6, mRBC-20:4ω6 and (m+i)D5D-activity, but decreasing mRBC-22:6ω3 and (m+i)D6D-activity and dose-dependent changes in iRBC-22:6ω3 confirm that D6D-activity is rate-limiting and 22:6ω3 is important during lactation. Fish-intake related magnitudes of postpartum FA-changes suggest that LCPω3 influence DNL-, SCD- and desaturase-activities.
Keywords:Abbreviations: AA, arachidonic acid   ACC, acetyl-Coenzyme A carboxylase   ALA, α-linolenic acid   ChREBP, carbohydrate responsive element binding protein   DHA, docosahexaenoic acid   DNL, de novo lipid synthesis or de novo lipogenesis   EFA, essential fatty acids   Elovl-6, elongation of very long chained fatty acids family member 6   EPA, eicosapentaenoic acid   FA, fatty acids   FADS, fatty acid desaturase   FAS, fatty acid synthase   LA, linoleic acid   LXR, liver-X-receptor   MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids   RBC, erythrocyte   PP, postpartum   PUFA, polyunsaturated fatty acids   SAFA, saturated fatty acids   SCD-1, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase family member 1   SREBP-1, sterol regulatory element binding protein-1   VLDL, very low density lipoprotein.
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