Production of chondroitin sulfate and chondroitin |
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Authors: | Chiara Schiraldi Donatella Cimini Mario De Rosa |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Experimental Medicine, Section of Biotechnology and Molecular Biology, Second University of Naples, via De Crecchio n°7, 80138, Naples, Italy
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Abstract: | The production of microbial polysaccharides has recently gained much interest because of their potential biotechnological
applications. Several pathogenic bacteria are known to produce capsular polysaccharides, which provide a protection barrier
towards harsh environmental conditions, and towards host defences in case of invasive infections. These capsules are often
composed of glycosaminoglycan-like polymers. Glycosaminoglycans are essential structural components of the mammalian extracellular
matrix and they have several applications in the medical, veterinary, pharmaceutical and cosmetic field because of their peculiar
properties. Most of the commercially available glycosaminoglycans have so far been extracted from animal sources, and therefore
the structural similarity of microbial capsular polysaccharides to these biomolecules makes these bacteria ideal candidates
as non-animal sources of glycosaminoglycan-derived products. One example is hyaluronic acid which was formerly extracted from
hen crests, but is nowadays produced via Streptococci fermentations. On the other hand, no large scale biotechnological production
processes for heparin and chondrotin sulfate have been developed. The larger demand of these biopolymers compared to hyaluronic
acid (tons vs kilograms), due to the higher titre in the final product (grams vs milligrams/dose), and the scarce scientific
effort have hampered the successful development of fermentative processes. In this paper we present an overview of the diverse
applications and production methods of chondroitin reported so far in literature with a specific focus on novel microbial
biotechnological approaches. |
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