代谢基因工程提高作物产量的分子靶标

应用基因工程技术对植物细胞内的代谢途径进行遗传修饰,已成功地使细胞代谢发生改变或合成新的化合物。光合作用,淀粉合成,氮素同化和水分利用等是形成作物产量的基础代谢。对这些代谢途径中的关键步骤和靶分子进行基因修饰以提高作物产量的研究已取得长足的进展,并正在发展成为提高作物产量的新途径。本文着重论述应用代谢基因工程提高作物产量的技术策略,研究现状,存在的问题,所面临的挑战和应用前景。

Molecular Targets for Increasing Crop Yields by Metabolic Gene Engineering

The genetic modification of plant metabolic pathway has successfully enabled plant cell to alter its metabolism and/or synthesize new compounds.Photosynthesis,starch synthesis,nitrogen assimilation,water uptake and use are the basic metabolism which forms the grain yield of crops.The key steps and target molecules in those metabolic pathways are modified through transgenesis so as to enhance crop grain yields.Great progress has been achieved in this hot-spot research field.This kind of metabolic engineering is being developed to be a new way for increasing crop grain yields.In this review,strategies and highlights of genetic modification of these metabolisms are summarized.Furthermore,the major challenges faced with respect to enhancing yield through metabolic engineering and the perspectives of this approach are discussed.