Actions of neurotrophic factors and their signaling pathways in neuronal survival and axonal regeneration |
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Authors: | Qi Cui |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory for Neural Repair, Shantou University Medical College, 515031 Shantou, China;(2) Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong;(3) Shantou University, 515041 Shantou, China;(4) The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Shantou International Eye Center, 515041 Shantou, China |
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Abstract: | Adult axons in the mammalian central nervous system do not elicit spontaneous regeneration after injury, although many affected
neurons have survived the neurotrauma. However, axonal regeneration does occur under certain conditions. These conditions
include: (a) modification of regrowth environment, such as supply of peripheral nerve bridges and transplantation of Schwann
cells or olfactory ensheathing glia to the injury site; (b) application of neurotrophic factors at the cell soma and axon
tips; (c) blockade of growth-inhibitory molecules such as Nogo-A, myelin-associated glycoprotein, and oligodendrocyte-myelin
glycoprotein; (d) prevention of chondroitin-sulfate-proteoglycans-related scar tissue formation at the injury site using chondroitinase
ABC; and (e) elevation of intrinsic growth potential of injured neurons via increasing intra-cellular cyclic adenosine monophosphate
level. A large body of evidence suggests that these conditions achieve enhanced neuronal survival and axonal regeneration
through sometimes over-lapping and sometimes distinct signal transduction mechanisms, depending on the targeted neuronal populations
and intervention circumstances. This article reviews the available information on signal transduction pathways underlying
neurotrophic-factor-mediated neuronal survival and neurite outgrowth/axonal regeneration. Better understanding of signaling
transduction is important in helping us develop practical therapeutic approaches for encouraging neuronal survival and axonal
regeneration after traumatic injury in clinical context. |
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Keywords: | Neurotrophic factor neuronal survival axonal regeneration signal transduction pathway central nervous system |
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