广东长潭水库浮游生物群落结构特征

长潭水库是广东梅州市重要的备用水源地，属于国家一类水源保护区。2010年7月，通过分析长潭水库浮游生物群落组成、生物量及多样性指数等群落结构特征和水体理化指标，揭示长潭水库富营养化水平。结果显示，长潭水库鉴定出55种浮游植物，隶属于6个门，优势种为绿藻门的栅藻（Scenedesmus sp.）、蓝藻门的微囊藻（Microcystis sp.）和伪鱼腥藻（Pseudanabaena sp.）、隐藻门的隐藻（Cryptophyta sp.）以及硅藻门的小环藻（Cyclotella sp.）和针杆藻（Synedra sp.）；藻类密度范围1.71×10⁶~2.44×10⁸ cells/L；浮游动物共检出44种，包括轮虫、枝角类和桡足类，其中轮虫是主要类群。综合营养状态指数评价结果显示，长潭水库部分水体呈轻度富营养化。典范对应分析结果显示，浮游动物、溶解氧、总氮、总磷和化学需氧量是影响长潭水库浮游植物群落结构的关键环境因子。

Community Structure Characteristics of Plankton in Changtan Reservoir, Guangdong Province

Changtan Reservoir is one of importance drinking water sources in eastern area of Guangdong Province and as well as a national water conservation area. The community structure characteristics of plankton in the Changtan Reservoir was determined and used to assess eutrophication status of the water resource. Water was sampled at 8 point in the reservoir In July 2010 and plankton species composition, abundance and distribution were investigated. Total of 55 species belonging to 6 phyla of phytoplankton were identified. The species belonged to Chlorophyta, Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta and Bacillariophyta were dominated, while species in Dinophyta and Euglenophyta were much less. The density of the phytoplankton was varied from 1.71×10⁶ to 2.44×10⁸ cells/L. The diversity index (H') of phytoplankton indicated that water sampled at Shaping station and Zhuyefeng station were highly polluted. At the same time, 44 species zooplankton belonging to Rotifera, Cladocera and Copepoda were identified. Among the zooplankton, Rotaria was dominant phyla. The indicators species of eutrophication, such as Brachionus forficula, B.caudatus, Filinia longiseta, Keratella valga, and Trichocerca similis were widely distributed in the Reservoir. The abundances of zooplankton were ranged from 40 to 1 588 ind/L. According to the comprehensive trophic state index (TSI) and the plankton community structure analyses, the water in the Changtan Reservoir was slightly eutrophied. The results of Canonical Correspondence Analysis on relationship between phytoplankton and environment indicated that the distribution of phytoplankton in Changtan Reservoir was strongly affected by environmental factors.