新疆哈密山区天山马鹿种群数量和冬季生境选择

2010年12月至2011年2月，在新疆哈密山区，采用截线抽样法和遥感技术，对野生天山马鹿（Cervus elaphus songaricus）种群现状和冬季生境选择进行了研究。在不同区域和不同类型栖息地共布设了28条样线，样线总长度达60.1 km。其中，16条样线上发现马鹿共233头，调查区域平均种群密度（2.83±1.01）头/km²，种群数量（1 684.56±379.71）头，与1993年的调查结果相比有所上升。雌雄性比为2.24：1，幼体和亚成体总数多于成体和老体总数，种群数量呈增长趋势。根据野外考察GPS数据并解译天山马鹿分布生境2006秋季的LANDSAT TM/ETM+遥感影像，将生境要素分为山地针叶林、草甸、灌木丛、农田和戈壁5种类型，其中，草甸与山地针叶林为天山马鹿冬季适宜生境。

Population Size and Winter Habitat Selection of Tianshan Red Deer in Hami Mountains of Xinjiang

The population size and winter habitat selection of the wild Tianshan Red Deer (Cervus elaphus songaricus) in Hami Mountains of Xinjiang were investigated by using line transects method and remote sensing (RS) technology from December 2010 to January 2011. Twenty eight line transects of 60.1 km in length were distributed in the study area estimated 596.295 km² in size at different habitat. Total of 233 deer were counted. And the average population density was 2.83±1.01 ind/km² and the population size was estimated at 1 684.56±379.71, respectively. The population density and population size were slightly increased compared to the estimation made in 1993. The Ratio of female to male was 2.24:1. The number of fawns and sub-adults were more than adults and old individuals, which demonstrated that a growing tendency of the deer population. Based on the field observation and habitat characters by the LANDSAT TM/ETM+ satellite image in 2006, the habitat of the study area was classified as coniferous forests, meadow land, shrubs, farmland and gobi. Among them, the suitable habitats for the red deer were coniferous forests and shrubs.