基于水稻产量构成性状间相关性的选种标准数学模型建立

选用54个水稻杂交组合F1代,对穗粒数、有效穗数、千粒重、穗谷重等产量构成性状进行相关、回归分析及其线性方程相交分析,并建立水稻选种入选标准的数学模型.结果表明:穗粒数(X_1)分别与其它三个性状间的相关达极显著水平,这四个性状的复相关系数达到极显著水平,表现为水稻产量构成性状间是互相影响、互为矛盾,构成性状间的矛盾与统一;经标准化的有效穗数(X_2)、千粒重(X_3)和穗谷重(X_4)分别依穗粒数(X_1)回归的线性回归方程分别为,x_2=0.6797-0.5907x_1,x_3=0.7268-0.4917x_1,x_4=0.2466+0.5053x_1.根据这些方程的升降性,分别组成联立方程组,求出这四个数量性状互作的矛盾统一点为:穗粒数136.6粒、有效穗数7.72穗/丛、千粒重23.53g、穗谷重3.09g;这四个性状相互作用、相互协调的优良表现型值落在穗粒数为132.3-177.0粒范围内.以穗粒数、有效穗数、千粒重、穗谷重的线性关系,建立的水稻选种入选标准数学模型具有较好的预见性和实用性.

To Establish the Mathematical Model of Selected Standard Values Based on Correlations Analysis among a Few Component Traits of Yield in Rice

The correlation,regression analysis and analysis of linear equations intersect for the quantity traits such as total number of grains per panicles,effective number of panicles per clump,1000-grain weight and grain weight per plant,were studied in 54 hybrid crosses, and to establish the mathematical model of selected standard values in rice.The correlation between the total number of grains per panicles（x_1） and the effective number of panicles per clump （x_2）,1000-grain weight（x_3） and grain weight per plant（x_4） respectively was close to remarkable. The multiple-correlations of the four traits were significant remarkable too.It revealed that the component traits of yield influenced and restricted each other,made contradictory integration for yielding.The regression equation of standard x_2,x_3 and x_4 regressed with x_1 respectively were as follow：x_2=0.6797-0.5907x_1,x_3=0.7268-0.4917x_1,x_4=0.2466＋0.5053x_1.The equations were grouped according to their tendency and the standard optimum value of four traits were found by mathematical models follow：x_1 was 136.6 grain /panicle,x_2 was 7.72 panicle / clump,x_3 was 23.53g and x_4 was 3.09g.This study suggested that the model had good forecast ability and practicability for breeding of rice.