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Inhibitory Effect of Selenium Against Penicillium expansum and Its Possible Mechanisms of Action
Authors:Zhi-lin Wu  Xue-bin Yin  Zhi-qing Lin  Gary S Bañuelos  Lin-xi Yuan  Ying Liu  Miao Li
Institution:1. Key Laboratory of Agri-Food Safety of Anhui Province, School of Plant Protection, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei, 230036, China
2. Advanced Lab for Selenium and Human Health, Suzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Science and Technology of China, Suzhou, 215123, China
3. Environmental Sciences Program & Department of Biological Sciences, College of Arts and Sciences, Southern Illinois University Edwardsville, Edwardsville, IL, 62026, USA
4. Agricultural Research Service, United States Department of Agriculture, Parlier, CA, 93648, USA
Abstract:Some organic and inorganic salts could inhibit the growth of many pathogens. Selenium (Se), as an essential micronutrient, was effective in improving the plant resistance and antioxidant capacity at a low concentration. Penicillium expansum is one of the most important postharvest fungal pathogens, which can cause blue mold rot in various fruits and vegetables. In this study, the inhibitory effect of Se against P. expansum was evaluated. The result showed that Se strongly inhibited spore germination, germ tube elongation, and mycelial spread of P. expansum in the culture medium. The inhibitory effect was positively related to the concentration of Se used. Fluorescence microscopy observation of P. expansum conidia stained with propidium iodide (PI) indicated that the membrane integrity decreased to 37 % after the conidia were treated with Se (20 mg/l) for 9 h. With the use of an oxidant-sensitive probe 2,7-dichlorofluorescin (DCHF-DA), we found that Se at 15 mg/l could induce the generation of intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS). Furthermore, methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA) content, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), and superoxide anion (O2 ?) production rate in P. expansum spores exposed to Se increased markedly. Compared with the control, the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the content of glutathione (GSH) were reduced, confirming that damage of Se to cellular oxygen-eliminating system is the main reason. These results suggest that Se might serve as a potential alternative to synthetic fungicides for the control of the postharvest disease of fruit and vegetables caused by P. expansum.
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