不同天然居群小檗种子萌发障碍因子研究

以西天山野果林霍城居群、新源居群和特克斯居群黑果小檗以及特克斯居群红果小檗种子为试验材料，研究了4组野生小檗种子生物学特性、吸水特性以及去种皮、低温层积和不同浓度GA₃处理对小檗种子休眠与萌发特性的影响，结果表明：（1）4组野生小檗种子的吸水率均表现出逐渐增加的趋势，黑果小檗种子与红果小檗种子吸水率差异不明显，其种皮透水透气性相似；（2）霍城居群、新源居群和特克斯居群黑果小檗种子的种皮对萌发存在强烈的抑制作用；而新源居群红果小檗种子的种皮抑制作用不明显；（3）4℃低温层积处理对4组野生小檗种子萌发影响很大，随层积时间的增加小檗种子发芽率均逐渐提高，3组黑果小檗种子层积90 d时，休眠基本被解除；红果小檗种子层积30 d时，休眠基本被解除；（4）浓度为200 mg·L^-1的GA₃溶液处理可显著提高4组小檗种子发芽率，浓度过高或过低均会对小檗种子萌发起到抑制作用。层积60 d时霍城居群、新源居群和特克斯居群黑果小檗去种皮种子用200 mg·L^-1的GA₃溶液处理2 h后，发芽率分别为85.00%、83.33%和86.67%；红果小檗层积15 d时去种皮种子用浓度为200 mg·L^-1的GA₃溶液处理后，发芽率可达86.67%。研究结果将为今后野生小檗的种质资源保护，利用及可持续发展提供技术支持和科学依据。

Germination Obstacle Factors of Berberis Seeds of Different Natural Populations

The Black-fruit Berberis seeds of Huocheng population, Xinyuan population, Tekesi population and the Red-fruit Berberis of Tekesi population were used as experimental materials to study their biological characteristics, water absorption characteristics and the effects of seed coat removal, low temperature stratification and different concentrations of GA₃ treatment on the dormancy and germination characteristics.The results showed that:(1) The water absorption rate of four groups of wild Berberis seeds showed a trend of increasing gradually.There was no significant difference in water absorption between Black-fruit Berberis seeds and Red-fruit Berberis seeds, and the water permeability of their seed coat was similar; (2) The seed coats of Black-fruit Berberis seeds of Huocheng population, Xinyuan population and Tekesi population had a strong inhibitory effect on germination.However the seed coat of Red-fruit Berberis seeds in Tekesi population had no obvious inhibition on germination; (3) Low temperature stratification had a great effect on the germination of wild Berberis seeds in 4 groups, and the germination rate of Berberis seeds increased gradually with the increase of stratification time.The dormancy of Black-fruit Berberis seeds was basically relieved after 90 days of stratification;the dormancy of Red-fruit Berberis seeds was basically relieved after 30 days of stratification; (4) GA₃ solution with 200 mg·L^-1 concentration could significantly increase the germination rate of the four groups Berberis seeds, and too high or too low concentration could inhibit the germination of Berberis seeds. After 60 days of layering,the germination rates of Black-fruit Berberis seeds without seed coat of Huocheng population, Xinyuan population and Tekesi population were 85.00%, 83.33%, and 86.67% respectively after treated with GA₃ solution of 200 mg·L^-1 for 2 hours;When the Red-fruit Berberis seeds were layered for 15 days,the germination rates of Red-fruit Berberis seeds without seed coat of Tekesi population were 86.67% after treated with GA₃ solution of 200 mg·L^-1 for 2 hours.The results will provide technical support and scientific basis for the introduction and breeding of wild Berberis.