The burden of selected chronic non-communicable diseases and their risk factors in Malawi: nationwide STEPS survey |
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Authors: | Msyamboza Kelias P Ngwira Bagrey Dzowela Titha Mvula Chimwemwe Kathyola Damson Harries Anthony D Bowie Cameron |
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Institution: | World Health Organisation, Malawi Country Office, Lilongwe, Malawi. msyambozak@mw.afro.who.int |
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Abstract: | BackgroundChronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs) are becoming significant causes of
morbidity and mortality, particularly in sub-Saharan African countries,
although local, high-quality data to inform evidence-based policies are
lacking.ObjectivesTo determine the magnitude of NCDs and their risk factors in Malawi.MethodsUsing the WHO STEPwise approach to chronic disease risk factor surveillance,
a population-based, nationwide cross-sectional survey was conducted between
July and September 2009 on participants aged 25–64 years.
Socio-demographic and behaviour risk factors were collected in Step 1.
Physical anthropometric measurements and blood pressure were documented in
Step 2. Blood cholesterol and fasting blood glucose were measured in Step
3.Results and ConclusionA total of 5,206 adults (67% females) were surveyed. Tobacco smoking,
alcohol drinking and raised blood pressure (BP) were more frequent in males
than females, 25% vs 3%, 30% vs 4% and
37% vs 29%. Overweight, physical inactivity and raised
cholesterol were more common in females than males, 28% vs
16%, 13% vs 6% and 11% vs 6%. Tobacco
smoking was more common in rural than urban areas 11% vs 7%,
and overweight and physical inactivity more common in urban than rural areas
39% vs 22% and 24% vs 9%, all with
p<0.05. Overall (both sexes) prevalence of tobacco
smoking, alcohol consumption, overweight and physical inactivity was
14%, 17%, 22%, 10% and prevalence of raised BP,
fasting blood sugar and cholesterol was 33%, 6% and 9%
respectively. These data could be useful in the formulation and advocacy of
NCD policy and action plan in Malawi. |
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