Intra-specific hybridization: generator of genetic diversification and heterosis in Andrographis paniculata Nees. A bridge from extinction to survival |
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Authors: | Valdiani Alireza Kadir Mihdzar Abdul Saad Mohd Said Talei Daryush Tan Soon-Guan |
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Affiliation: | Department of Agriculture Technology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM), Malaysia. alireza.valdiani@gmail.com |
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Abstract: | Andrographis paniculata (AP) has been stated as a low-diverse, endangered and red-listed plant species. Self-pollinated mating system, being an introduced species and experiencing a bottleneck as well as over exploitation cause such a consequence. Inter and intra-specific hybridizations have been suggested as essential techniques for generating genetic diversity. To test the effect of intra-specific hybridization on diversification and heterosis of AP, seven accessions were outcrossed manually in all 21 possible combinations. Three types of markers including morphological, phytochemical and RAPD markers were employed to evaluate the mentioned hypothesis. The results revealed that hybridization acted as a powerful engine for diversification of AP as it caused heterotic expression of the studied traits, simultaneously. Initially, it seems that additive and non-additive gene effects both can be considered as the genetic basis of heterosis in AP for the investigated traits. Agronomic and morphological traits were differentiated from each other, while positive heterosis was recorded mainly for agronomic traits but not for the morphological traits. Intra-specific hybridization increased the genetic diversity in AP population. Nevertheless, a part of this variation could also be attributed to the negative heterosis. The current exploration demonstrated the first ever conducted manual intra-specific hybridization among AP accessions in a mass scale. However, the 17 RAPD primers produced a monomorph pattern, but perhaps increasing the number of markers can feature a new genetic profile in this plant. |
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Keywords: | AG, andrographolide AGC, andrographolide content per plant AGP, andrographolide percentage per plant AGY, andrographolide yield per hectare ANOVA, analysis of variance AP, Andrographis paniculata BPH, better-parent heterosis CEC, crude extract content per plant CTAB, cetyl trimethylammonium bromide DCM, dichloromethane dNTP mix, deoxyribonucleotide triphosphate F1, filial 1 GD, genetic distance HPLC, high-performance liquid chromatography ISSR, inter simple sequence repeat IUCN, international union for conservation of nature and natural resources L/S, leaf/stem ratio per plant LDW, leaf dry weight per plant LL, leaf length LW, leaf width MARDI, Malaysian agricultural research and development institute MF1, F1 hybrid mean value MP, mid-parent mean value MPH, mid-parent heterosis NaOCl, sodium hypochlorite NI, number of internodes NLN, number of leaf in each node NPB, number of primary branches NPK, nitrogen phosphorus potassium PAI, paired affinity indices PBL, primary branch length PC, principal component PCA, principal component analysis PCR, polymerase chain reactions PH, plant height QTL, quantitative trait loci RAPD, random amplified polymorphic DNA RCBD, Randomized Complete Block Design RFLP, restriction fragment length polymorphism SD, stem diameter SDW, shoot dry weight per plant SIL, shoot internodes length SSCP, single-strand conformation polymorphism STDW, stem dry weight per plant UPGMA, unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average mean YLD, herbage yield |
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