灵芝子实体、菌丝体及孢子粉中多糖成分差异比较研究

为探讨灵芝子实体、菌丝体和孢子粉3种材料中多糖成分的差异,分别运用苯酚硫酸法进行多糖含量测定,运用离子色谱分析其酸水解后单糖组成,并运用HPLC分析各多糖图谱及经α-淀粉酶和β-1,3-葡聚糖酶处理后HPLC图谱的变化,结果发现,灵芝菌丝体中多糖含量最高,达到3.81%,孢子粉多糖含量为1.8%,灵芝子实体中多糖含量最低,仅为0.59%;水解后的单糖组成及摩尔比也有差异,子实体的单糖主要为葡萄糖和半乳糖,菌丝体和孢子粉的单糖主要为葡萄糖;HPLC图谱显示3种多糖出峰位置和分子量也不同,酶解效果表明多糖结构也相差较大。各样品多糖对小鼠巨噬细胞RAW264.7释放NO的产量的影响上,菌丝体与子实体多糖都表现出了很好的活性,而孢子粉多糖却呈现出较低活性。实验结果表明灵芝子实体、菌丝体和孢子粉3种材料的多糖成分差异大,在医药保健品使用中应区分使用。

Comparison of the polysaccharides from fruiting bodies,mycelia and spore powder of Ganoderma lingzhi

The differences of polysaccharides extracted from fruiting bodies, mycelia and spore powder of Ganoderma lingzhi were compared. Polysaccharide concentration was determined by phonel-sulfate method, and monosaccharide compositions of the polysaccharides were analyzed by ion chromatography-integrated pulsed amperometric detector. HPLC spectrums of various polysaccharides and their changes after treated with α-amylase and endo-1,3-β-glucanase were also compared. The results indicated that polysaccharide content of mycelia was 3.81%, being the highest, and that of spore powder and fruiting body were 1.8% and 0.59%, respectively. Monosaccharide composition and molar ratio of the three polysaccharides from mycelia, fruiting bodies and spore powder were different. In fruiting body, glucose and galactose were the main monosaccharide, but glucose was the main monosaccharide in mycelia and spore powder. HPLC spectrums revealed that the peaks and molecular weights of the three polysaccharides were also different. Changes between HPLC spectrums of polysaccharides treated by endo-1,3-β-glucanase and α-amylase indicated the three polysaccharides had different structure. NO release experiment using RAW 264.7 macrophages revealed that both polysaccharides from mycelia and fruiting bodies showed good activity of stimulating macrophages to release NO, however the polysaccharide from spore powder showed relatively lower activity. The study demonstrated that the polysaccharides of these three materials varied significantly, thus they should be differentially applied in pharmaceutical health care products.