Whole animal and gill tissue oxygen uptake in the Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica: Effects of hypoxia, hypercapnia, air exposure, and infection with the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus(1)

The Eastern oyster, Crassostrea virginica, lives in shallow coastal waters and experiences many different environmental extremes including hypoxia, hypercapnia and air exposure and many oysters are infected with the protozoan parasite Perkinsus marinus. The effects of these conditions on oyster metabolism, as measured by oxygen uptake, were investigated. Mild hypercapnia had no effect on the ability of oysters to regulate oxygen uptake in hypoxic water, as measured by the B2 coefficient of oxygen regulation. The average B2 was -0.060x10(-3) (+/-0.01x10(-3) S.E.M.; n=20; low and high CO(2) treatments combined) in oysters uninfected with P. marinus and -0.056x10(-3) (+/-0.01x10(-3) S.E.M.; n=16; low and high CO(2) treatments combined) in infected oysters. There was no significant effect of light to moderate infections of P. marinus on oxygen regulation. Nor did the presence of P. marinus have an effect on the rate of oxygen uptake of whole animals in well-aerated water. In well-aerated conditions, oxygen uptake was significantly reduced by moderate hypercapnia in oysters when data from uninfected and infected oysters were combined. Mean oxygen uptake of infected oysters under hypercapnia (pCO(2)=6-8 Torr; pH 7) was 9.10 μmol O(2) g ww(-1) h(-1) +/-0.62 S.E.M. (n=9), significantly different from oxygen uptake under normocapnia (pCO(2)