Biological control of bacterial spot of tomato under field conditions at several locations in North America |
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Authors: | JM Byrne AC Dianese P Ji HL Campbell DA Cuppels FJ Louws SA Miller JB Jones M Wilson |
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Institution: | aDepartment of Plant Pathology, Auburn University, Auburn, AL 36849-5409, USA;bAgriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Southern Crop Protection and Food Research Centre, London, Ont., Canada N5V 4T3;cDepartment of Plant Pathology, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA;dDepartment of Plant Pathology, The Ohio State University, Wooster, OH 4469, USA;eDepartment of Plant Pathology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA |
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Abstract: | Following the relatively successful biological control of bacterial speck of tomato under field conditions at several locations (Phytopathology 92 (2002) 1284), similar selection and testing strategies were employed in an effort to isolate an effective biological control agent for bacterial spot of tomato. Fifty potential biological control agents were isolated from tomato foliage in Alabama (AL) and Florida (FL) and tested under greenhouse conditions in AL for the ability to reduce the foliar severity of bacterial spot of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum), which is caused by either Xanthomonas campestris pv. vesicatoria or Xanthomonas vesicatoria. Three pseudomonads that provided protection against bacterial speck also were included in the tests. The strains which were most efficacious (i.e., high mean percentage reduction) and consistent (i.e., low standard deviation) in reducing bacterial spot severity in repeated greenhouse experiments were selected for field experiments conducted over the period 1996–1998. Among these strains were Cellulomonas turbata BT1, which provided the highest mean reduction in disease severity 45.2% (SD = 21.0)], and Pseudomonas syringae Cit7 36.4% (SD = 12.2)], which was the most consistent. Field experiments were conducted in Shorter, AL; Bradenton and Sanford, FL; Clinton, North Carolina; Wooster, Ohio; and London, Ontario, Canada. The highest mean reductions in severity of bacterial spot on foliage, averaged across all locations, were provided by P. syringae Cit7 28.9% (SD = 11.6)] and Pseudomonas putida B56 23.1% (SD = 7.4)]. The efficacy and consistency of P. syringae Cit7 against bacterial spot were very similar to those achieved against bacterial speck 28.3% (SD = 12.7)] (Phytopathology 92 (2002) 1284). Unfortunately, neither the bacterial strains nor the standard copper bactericides consistently reduced disease incidence on fruit. |
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Keywords: | Pseudomonas fluorescens Pseudomonas putida Pseudomonas syringae Xanthomonas campestris pv vesicatoria Xanthomonas vesicatoria Bacterial spot Biological control BlightBan A506 Tomato Lycopersicon esculentum |
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