Infochemically mediated tritrophic interaction webs on cabbage plants |
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Authors: | K Shiojiri J Takabayashi S Yano A Takafuji |
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Institution: | (1) Laboratory of Ecological Information, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto, Japan, JP |
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Abstract: | In response to damage by herbivores, plants are known to emit infochemicals that enhance the effectiveness of insect parasitoids.
Studies on plant–parasitoid interactions mediated by such infochemicals have focused on the tritrophic systems in which plants
are infested by a single herbivore species. In natural ecosystems, however, plants are often simultaneously infested by several
herbivorous species. The present study focuses on two herbivorous species that simultaneously attack crucifer plants and their
respective parasitic wasps. We first show the specific responses of the two specialist parasitic wasps Cotesia plutellae and C. glomerata (Hymenoptera: Braconidae)] to infochemicals originating from cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea cv. Sikidori) infested by each of their respective host larvae Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) and Pieris rapae (Lepidoptera: Pieridae)]. We then coupled the two tritrophic systems on the same cabbage plants. These experiments demonstrated
the presence of indirect interactions between the two species of herbivores. Overall, the results indicate the presence of
infochemically mediated tritrophic interaction webs on a single plant.
Received: September 1, 2000 / Accepted: February 8, 2001 |
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Keywords: | Parasitic wasps Infochemicals Plant– parasitoid interactions Enemy-free space Enemy-dense space |
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