Physical exercise and insulin resistance: from muscle metabolic physiopathology to therapeutics

Insulin resistance which characterises obesity and type 2 diabetes depends on genetic and environmental factors. Sedentarity plays a key role in the development of insulin resistance and skeletal muscle of obese or type 2 diabetes patients shows several abnormalities of carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Exercice training by its beneficial effects on skeletal muscle and particularly on mitochondrial function is efficient to prevent and to treat obesity and type 2 diabetes.