Sedge and rush-feeding psyllids of the subfamily Liviinae (Insecta: Hemiptera: Psylloidea): a review

The jumping plant-lice or psyllids belonging to the subfamily Liviinae are reviewed. Nineteen species are recognized in a single genus Lima Latreille. Three new species, craivfordi sp. nov., lobata sp. nov. and manitobensis sp. nov., are described. The identities of the existing species have been widely confused and full lists of synonymies are given where appropriate. It is re-emphasized that the type species of Livia, Psylla juncorum Latreille, is a synonym of Chermes junci Schrank, a point made by Laing (1951) but ignored by subsequent authors. The latter name has priority. A taxonomic key for the identification of the species is given and each species is described, diagnosed and illustrated. Supporting information is given on geographical distribution, host-plant association and general biology. Evolutionary relationships within Livia are discussed.