Natural glufosinate resistance of soil microorganisms and GMO safety |
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Authors: | Timea Tothova Anna Sobekova Katarina Holovska Jaroslav Legath Peter Pristas Peter Javorsky |
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Institution: | 1.Institute of Animal Physiology,Slovak Academy of Sciences,Kosice,Slovakia;2.University of Veterinary Medicine,Kosice,Slovakia |
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Abstract: | Bacteria and fungi from pristine soil, never exposed to glufosinate herbicide, were isolated and analyzed for glufosinate
tolerance. Seven of the 15 tested isolates were sensitive to 1 mM glufosinate (an active ingredient of many nonselective contact
herbicides), 5 were resistant to 4 mM glufosinate and 3 even to 8 mM glufosinate in liquid medium. None of the isolated microorganisms
carried the gene for glufosinate resistance bar (bialaphos resistance) in its genome and at least in some of glufosinate-resistant isolates the increased glutamine synthetase
level was detected as a possible resistance mechanism. The transfer of the bar glufosinate resistance gene from transgenic maize Bt 176 into glufosinate-sensitive soil bacterium Bacillus pumilus S1 was not detected under the laboratory conditions by a classical plate count method and PCR. The ecological risk of potential
bar gene transfer from genetically modified plants into soil microcosms under natural circumstances is discussed. |
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