长江中下游四个湖泊鱼类与渔业研究

选择长江中下游的牛山湖、东汤逊湖、龙感湖和黄湖作为研究地点,调查了这些湖泊鱼类区系组成、鱼种放养量、渔获物组成、渔产量和渔产值,现已查明牛山湖鱼类有64种,东汤逊湖53种,黄湖76种,龙感湖80种。这些湖泊的鱼类区系组成相似,鲤科鱼类最多,占总种数的60.4%-65.6%。牛山湖主要放养草鱼,东汤逊湖主要放养鲢和鳙,黄湖除鱼类外重点放养河蟹。这三个湖泊年均鱼种放养量分别为9.5kg/hm2、36.8kg/hm2、8.1kg/hm2;年均鱼产量分别为128kg/hm2、126kg/hm2、88kg/hm2;年均每公顷渔产值分别为623元、680元、1202元。龙感湖为非放养型湖泊,年均鱼产量为64kg/hm2,其中鲫、红鳍原泊和小杂鱼占有较高的比例;年均每公顷渔产值183元。文中分析了各湖泊鱼产量构成特征,讨论了未来湖泊渔业可持续发展的对策,为合理利用鱼类资源,发展可持续渔业提供重要依据。  

INVESTIGATIONS ON FISHES AND FISHERY OF FOUR LAKES ALONG THE MIDDLE AND LOWER BASINS OF THE CHANGJIANG RIVER

Lake Niushan, Lake Dongtangxun, LakeHuanghu and Lake Longgan are situated in the middle and lower basins of the Changjiang River.During the period of 1996 to 1999 investigations on fishes and fishery of the lakes were carried out to provide information on rational utilization of fish resources, especially sustainable fishery management.64 species (belonging to 15 fam-i lies and 50 genera) were recorded in Lake Niushan, 53 species (14 families and 43 genera) in Lake Dongtangxun, 76 species (17 families and 58 genera) in LakeHuanghu, and 80 species (18 families and 59 genera) in Lake Longgan1Fish fauna of those lakes were similar, and the largest of families was the Cyprinidae, which contributed 6014%) 6516% to the total number of fish species.Grass carp dominated stocking rate in LakeNiushan, silver carp and bighead carp in Lake Dongtangxun, and silver carp and Chinese mitten crab in Lake Huanghu.During this survey, annual stocking rate of subyearlings averaged 9.5kg/hm2in Lake Niushan, 3618kg/hm2in Lake Dongtangxun, and 811kg/hm2in Lake Huanghu; the average of fish yield was 128kg/hm2in Lake Niushan, 126kg/hm2in Lake Dongtangxun, and 88kg/hm2in Lake Huanghu; and annual income per hectare from fishery was 623 yuan, 680 yuan and 1202 yuan, respectively, in the above lakes.In Lake Longgan (without fish stocking), annual fish yield ranged from 50 to 77kg/hm2, of which smal-l sized fish, such as gold fish (Carassius auratus), redfin culter (Culterichthys erythropterus) and other small coarse fish, accounted for large proport ion; and fishery income per hectare averaged 183 yuan.In addition, the composition of fish yield in every lake was analyzed, and some strategies for developing sustainable fishery in the future were suggested.