Central poststroke pain: somatosensory abnormalities and the presence of associated myofascial pain syndrome |
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Authors: | Rogério Adas Ayres de Oliveira Daniel Ciampi de Andrade André Guelman Gomes Machado Manoel Jacobsen Teixeira |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, China 2. Translational Research Informatics Center, Foundation for Biomedical Research and Innovation, Kobe, Japan
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Abstract: | Background Mild cognitive impairment (MCI), defined as a transitional zone between normal cognition and dementia, requires a battery of formal neuropsychological tests administered by a trained rater for its diagnosis. The objective of this study was to develop a screening tool for MCI. Methods One hundred ninety seven cognitively normal controls (NC), one hundred sixteen patients with amnestic MCI ?Csingle domain (aMCI-sd), one hundred ninety five patients with amnestic MCI-multiple domain (aMCI-md), and two hundred twenty eight patients with mild Alzheimer??s disease (AD) were evaluated by comprehensive neuropsychological tests and by the Memory and Executive Screening (MES). Results Correlation analysis showed that the three indicators of the MES were significantly negatively related with age (P<0.05), yet not related with education (P>0.05). There was no ceiling or floor effect. Test completion averaged seven minutes (421.14±168.31 seconds). The receiver operating characteristics (ROC) analyses performed on the aMCI-sd group yielded 0.89 for the area under the curve (AUC) (95% CI, 0.85?C0.92) for the MES-total score, with sensitivity of 0.795 and specificity of 0.828. There was 81% correct classification rate when the cut-off was set at less than 75. Meanwhile, the aMCI-md group yielded 0.95 for the AUC (95% CI, 0.93?C0.97) for the MES-total score, with sensitivity of 0.87 and specificity of 0.91, and 90% correct classification rate when the cut-off was set at less than 72. Conclusion The MES, minimally time-consuming, may be a valid and easily administered cognitive screening tool with high sensitivity and specificity for aMCI, with single or multiple domain impairment. |
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