Association of Pb,Cd, and Se Concentrations and Oxidative Damage-Related Markers in Different Grades of Prostate Carcinoma |
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Authors: | Savas Guzel Lebriz Kiziler Birsen Aydemir Bulent Alici Suleyman Ataus Abdullah Aksu Haydar Durak |
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Institution: | 1.Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine,Namik Kemal University,Merkez Tekirda?,Turkey;2.The Ko? School,Istanbul,Turkey;3.Department of Biophysics, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,Istanbul University,Istanbul,Turkey;4.Department of Urology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,Istanbul University,Istanbul,Turkey;5.Department of Chemical Oceanography, Institute of Marine Sciences and Management,Istanbul University,Istanbul,Turkey;6.Department of Pathology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty,Istanbul University,Istanbul,Turkey |
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Abstract: | Prostate cancer is known to be affected by the heavy metal levels and oxidative damage of the body, yet there are very few
studies which look into the way it occurs. The aim of this study was to determine whether blood and tissue lead (Pb), cadmium
(Cd), and selenium (Se) levels are associated with oxidative damage in the context of prostate cancer progression and development.
Seventy-nine patients comprising 25 patients with benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH), 23 patients with malignant prostatic
carcinoma (malign Ca), 16 patients with low-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (LGPIN), and 15 patients with high-grade
prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (HGPIN) diagnosed on the basis of their clinical profile, transrectal ultrasonography,
and histopathology were included in this study. Cd and Pb levels in whole blood were found to be increased in patients with
HGPIN compared with the BPH group; also, the levels of Cd in whole blood and tissue were found to be increasing in patients
with malign Ca, unlike BPH patients. Moreover, the levels of malondialdehyde (MDA) in plasma and tissue were significantly
increased in malign Ca, LGPIN, and HGPIN than those in BPH. However, the levels of tissue Pb were found to be decreasing in
BPH, unlike the malign Ca and HGPIN patients, and the levels of tissue protein carbonyls in malign Ca were significantly lower
than those in HGPIN. The levels of tissue reduced glutathione (GSH) in malign Ca were significantly lower than those in BPH.
Additionally, the levels of Se in serum and tissue in LGPIN were significantly lower than those in BPH. The serum Se levels
in HGPIN were also significantly lower than those in BPH and malign Ca groups. Furthermore, the concentrations of serum Se
in LGPIN were significantly lower than those in malign Ca. From the Pearson correlation analysis, there were significant positive
correlations between tissue Cd and MDA levels in malign Ca, LGPIN, and HGPIN and between the tissue Pb and tissue MDA and
protein carbonyl levels in malign Ca. Blood Pb and tissue Pb were also significantly positively correlated with plasma MDA
and protein carbonyl levels in malign Ca. In addition, blood Pb was significantly positively correlated with tissue MDA and
protein carbonyl levels in malign Ca, and a significant positive correlation was also found between blood Cd and plasma protein
carbonyls and tissue MDA in LGPIN. We observed that altered prooxidant–antioxidant balance and heavy metal levels may lead
to an increase in oxidative damage and may consequently play an important role in prostate carcinogenesis. These findings
indicate that changes in the levels of Pb, Cd, Se, MDA, protein carbonyls, and GSH in the blood and/or tissue are related
to the prostatic carcinoma development and progression, although triggering one of the mentioned changes is unknown; therefore,
further study is required to determine the exact steps of the process and clarify the roles of different substances in order
to obtain a more detailed explanation of the phenomenon. |
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