基因人工进化的分子育种技术

分子育种技术(molecular breeding technology)利用人工手段模拟生物杂交优势的分子进化模式，在体外构建含有感兴趣基因的大量突变文库，并根据基因表达产物的特性，以合适的筛选方法选择具有最佳功能的改良基因。经过近几年的快速发展，分子育种技术在创造高效随机基因突变库的方法上日臻完善，已在医学、工业和环境保护酶类研究等方面收到了很好的成效。预计未来该技术将广泛地应用于重要传染性疾病(如疟疾、艾滋病病毒等)的预防和治疗，尤其可通过DNA疫苗手段的应用而获得强大的生命力。作者全面地综述了分子育种技术的产生、发展和应用现状。

Artifically evoluted genes by molecular breeding technology

Molecular breeding is a technology that enables the generation of large libraries of novel genes and vectors, from which improved variants can be selected based on functional properties. In the common format, it involves recursive recombination and mutation, as in natural hybridization evolution, the technique takes advantage of crossovers, deletions, insertions, inversions and point mutations of interesting genes to generate large pools of related sequences. With the rapid development of biotechnology for recent years, molecular breeding technology has become more mature in constructing random high mutation gene libraries, and been applied to improve activities of medical, industrial and environmental enzymes. The technology has been predicted to widely used in prevention and therapeutics of some serious infectious diseases, such as AIDS, malaria and so on. Its application in DNA vaccine will also perform a great future forces. In this review, we summarize the development and current application of the molecular breeding technology.