微生物合成黄酮类研究进展

黄酮类化合物是植物特有的多酚类化合物，具有抗氧化、抗炎、抗肿瘤、改善血液循环等生理功能，在保健品、化妆品和医药等方面具有广阔的应用前景。黄酮类化合物主要通过植物提取制备，受时间空间及植物种类等因素限制，且分离纯化步骤复杂，产率较低。随着合成生物学与代谢工程的发展，构建黄酮类物质的生物合成代谢途径线路，并对基因来源、基因序列、基因组合方式、菌株底盘改造等方面进行筛选和优化已取得较大成果。现已能用工程酵母和大肠杆菌等微生物合成二氢黄酮、黄酮、异黄酮、黄酮醇、花色素和黄烷酮等黄酮类化合物，在此基础上还可经甲基化酶或糖基化酶修饰，增加新的生物活性。综述了目前国内外微生物合成各类黄酮类物质的研究进展，并对将来的发展趋势进行了讨论和分析。

Advances on Flavonoids Production of Engineered Microorganisms

Flavonoids, plant-specific polyphenolic compounds, have significant physiological activities, including antioxidant, anti-inflammatory effects, and improvement of blood circulation. They have promising markets for health products, cosmetics and medicines. At present, flavonoids are mainly extracted from plants, but their growth are restricted by the seasons, location and varieties, their separation and purification processes are complex and low efficiency. With the development of synthetic biology and metabolic engineering, the flavonoids metabolic circuits have been constructed, optimization and combination of gene sequences from different sources and chassis modification have been achieved. Now engineered yeast, Escherichia coli and other microorganisms have been able to produce 2s-flavanones, flavones, isoflavonoids, flavonols, anthocyanins and flavanones which can be modified to creat new products with noval biological activities by methylase or glycosylase. The research achievement on flavonoids production in engineered microorganisms was reviewed and the future trend of development was explored.