山东青岛沿海岛屿耐冬山茶濒临灭绝的原因及其就地保护问题

耐冬山茶(Camellia japonica)是山茶花耐寒的原始种,著名的观赏植物,天然分布于我国的东部和日本、朝鲜一带,黄海岛屿是其在我国分布的北缘。由于人为严重的破坏,天然分布的范围日益狭窄,已陷入了濒临灭绝的境地。本文对其现况、濒危的原因和挽救措施作了详细的调查,提出了建设性的意见。

THE ENDANGERED CAUSES OF CAMELLIA JAPONICA AND ITS IN-SITU CONSERVATION IN ISLANDS AROUND QINGDAO CITY, SHANGDONG PROVINCE

Camellia japonico is an original species of cold-endaring Camellia and is a famous abornment plant, naturally distributed in the east China, Japan and Korea. The north borderland of its distribution in China is located in the islands of yellow sea. Now, it has fallen into endangered even extinct condition, owing to predatory digging. This paper mainly deals with its present situation, endangered causes and saving measures, especially placing emphasis on establishing natural protected area. It may be carried on planning and establishment according to the requirement of managed protected area, that is to say through appropriate management in order to protect the natural habitats of the population of Camellia and dynamic equilibrium of whole island ecosystem get the expected restoration. The range of the reserve should be centred Changmenyan Island, including surrounded islands such as Qia-nliyan Island, Daguan Island, Xiaoguan Island, where Camellia is distributed, and Nuer Island, Shizi Island, Tuzi Island, Maer Island and Chaolian Island, where although Cameilia has been disappeared, but in the past it distributed. The works should be carried on the planning based on the view point of ecodevelopment and the requirement of biosphere protected areas.