Antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic effects of Phyllanthus amarus

This study aimed to examine the antimutagenic and anticarcinogenic potential of Phyllanthus amarus Schum. et Thonn. using the bacterial preincubation mutation assay and an in-vivo alkaline elution method for DNA single-strand breaks in hamster liver cells. The aqueous extract of the entire plant showed an antimutagenic effect against induction by 2-aminofluorene (AF2), 2-aminoanthracene (2AA) and 4-nitroquinolone-1-oxide (4-NQO) in Salmonella typhimurium strains TA98 and TA100, and in Escherichia coli WP2 uvrA/pKM101. All the results were dose-dependent; however, inhibition of N-ethyl-N-nitrosoguanidine (ENNG)-induced mutagenesis was observed only with S. typhimurium TA100. The extract also exhibited activity against 2-nitrofluorene (2NF) and sodium azide-induced mutagenesis with S. typhimurium TA98 and TA100, respectively. Based on the alkaline elution method, the plant extract prevented in vivo DNA single-strand breaks caused by dimethylnitrosamine (DMN) in hamster liver cells. When the extract was administered 30 min prior to the administration of DMN, the elution rate constant decreased more than 2.5 times, compared to that of control. These results indicate that P. amarus possesses antimutagenic and antigenotoxic properties.