中国特有种爆杖花的微卫星分子标记开发与评价

爆杖花（Rhododendron spinuliferum）是中国西南地区特有的观赏和药用植物。为了研究爆杖花和碎米花之间的杂交物种形成过程，本研究利用FIASCO方法对爆杖花进行微卫星引物开发，从100对引物中筛选出28个微卫星标记，其中22个为多态。利用爆杖花两个居群共24个个体对22个多态性位点进行分析，结果显示：每个位点具有2~5个等位基因，平均为34个，其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0083~0792和0153~0744。对筛出的28个微卫星标记在碎米花的两个自然居群中也做了检测，结果显示：有22个微卫星标记成功扩增，其中20个有多态性；每个多态位点有2~6个等位基因，平均为32个，其观测杂合度和期望杂合度分别为0000~0833和0117~0736。开发的微卫星标记可用于爆杖花及其近缘物种的居群遗传学分析和杂交物种形成研究。

Isolation and Characterization of Microsatellite Markers for the Chinese Endemic Species Rhododendronspinuliferum (Ericaceae)

Rhododendron spinuliferum (Ericaceae) is an ornamental and medicinal plant endemic to southwest China. In order to study hybridization between Rspinuliferum and Rspiciferum, a FIASCO (Fast Isolation by AFLP of Sequences Containing Repeats) method was used to develop microsatellite markers in Rspinuliferum. A total of 28 microsatellite markers were isolated from 100 SSR primer pairs, of which 22 were polymorphic. Polymorphism of the 22 polymorphic loci was assessed separately in 24 individuals collected from two wild populations. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 34, while observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities varied from 0083 to 0792 and from 0153 to 0744, respectively. The same 28 microsatellite markers were also tested in two wild populations (12 individuals from each) of Rspiciferum. Twenty two of the markers were successfully amplified, of which 20 were polymorphic. Estimates of diversity in two natural populations of Rspiciferum based on the 20 polymorphic markers revealed that number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 6, with a mean of 32, while observed (HO) and expected (HE) heterozygosities ranged from 0000 to 0833 and from 0117 to 0736, respectively. These newly developed microsatellite markers will be used in future studies of hybridization and the population genetics of Rspinuliferum and its closely related species.