Assaying polymorphism at DNA level for genetic diversity diagnostics of the safflower (Carthamus tinctorius L.) world germplasm resources |
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Authors: | Deepmala Sehgal Vijay Rani Rajpal Soom Nath Raina Tsuneo Sasanuma Tetsuo Sasakuma |
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Institution: | (1) Kihara Institute for Biological Research, Yokohama City University, Maioka-cho 641-12, Totsuka-ku, Yokohama, 244, Japan;(2) Present address: Institute of Grassland and Environmental Research (IGER), Aberystwyth University, Gogerddan, Aberystwyth, Ceredigion, SY23 3EB, UK;(3) Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Cytogenetics, Department of Botany, University of Delhi, Delhi, 110007, India |
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Abstract: | Carthamus tinctorius (2n = 2x = 24), commonly known as safflower, is widely cultivated in agricultural production systems of Asia, Europe, Australia, and
the Americas as a source of high quality vegetable and industrial oil. Twenty-two RAPD primers, 18 SSR primers, and 10 AFLP
primer combinations were used to assess: (1) the genetic diversity of 85 accessions (originating from 24 countries) representing
global germplasm variability of safflower and (2) the interrelationships among safflower ‘centers of similarity’ or ‘regional
gene pools’ proposed earlier. The RAPD and SSR primers and AFLP primer combinations revealed 57.6, 68.0, and 71.2% polymorphism,
respectively, among 111, 72, and 330 genetic loci amplified from the accessions. The sum of effective number of alleles (66.44),
resolving power (59.16), and marker index (51.3) explicitly revealed the relative superiority of AFLP as a marker system in
uncovering variation in safflower. Overall, AFLP markers could recognize ‘centers of similarity’ or ‘regional gene pools’.
Analysis of molecular variance and Shannon’s information index provided corroborating evidences for the present and previous
studies that concluded fragmentation of safflower gene pool into many gene pools. Divergent directional selection is likely
to have played an important role in shaping the diversity. From the practical applications standpoint, the diversity of Iran–Afghanistan
gene pool is very high, equivalent to the total diversity of the species. The Far East gene pool is the least diverse. The
present comprehensive input, first of its own kind in safflower, will assist marker based improvement programmes in the crop. |
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Keywords: | AFLP Carthamus tinctorius L Gene pools Genetic diversity ISSR RAPD |
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