Melatonin,a calpain inhibitor in the central nervous system: Current status and future perspectives |
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| Authors: | Omid Reza Tamtaji Naghmeh Mirhosseini Russel J. Reiter Abolfazl Azami Zatollah Asemi |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Physiology Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;2. Pure North S’Energy Foundation, Calgary, Alberta, Canada;3. Department of Cellular and Structural Biology, University of Texas Health Science Center, San Antonio, Texas;4. Anatomical Sciences Research Center, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran;5. Research Center for Biochemistry and Nutrition in Metabolic Diseases, Kashan University of Medical Sciences, Kashan, Iran |
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| Abstract: | Dysregulation of neuronal Ca2+ and oxidative stress plays an important role in the activation of cysteine proteases including calpains and caspases that contribute to neuronal death. In neurodegenerative diseases, traumatic brain injury, stroke, and neuropathic pain calpain activities are markedly increased. Melatonin is a beneficial supplement in the treatment of central nervous system (CNS) disorders. Melatonin is a potent antioxidant and works as a free-radical scavenger to regulate a large number of molecular pathways, including oxidative stress, inflammation, apoptosis, and cell death under different pathological conditions. However, limited studies have evaluated the inhibitory effect of melatonin on calpains. This review summarizes the current knowledge related to the effects of melatonin on calpains in some of the common CNS disorders. |
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| Keywords: | calpain central nervous system melatonin |
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