Immune therapy of melanoma: Overview of therapeutic vaccines |
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Authors: | Zahra Payandeh Maral Yarahmadi Ziba Nariman-Saleh-Fam Vahideh Tarhriz Maryam Islami Abdolreza Mehdinavaz Aghdam Shirin Eyvazi |
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Institution: | 1. Immunology Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;2. Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran;3. Women’s Reproductive Health Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;4. Molecular Medicine Research Center, Biomedicine Institute, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;5. Dietary Supplements and Probiotic Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran;6. School of Medicine, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran;7. Department of Biotechnology, School of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran |
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Abstract: | Melanoma is the most serious type of skin cancer which develops from the occurrence of genetic mutations in the melanocytes. Based on the features of melanoma tumors such as location, genetic profile and stage, there are several therapeutic strategies including surgery, chemotherapy, and radiotherapy. However, because of the appearance resistance mechanisms, the efficiency of these treatments strategies may be reduced. It has been demonstrated that therapeutic monoclonal antibodies can improve the efficiency of melanoma therapies. Recently, several mAbs, such as nivolumab, pembrolizumab, and ipilimumab, were approved for the immunotherapy of melanoma. The antibodies inhibit immune checkpoint receptors such as CTL4 and pd-1. Another therapeutic strategy for the treatment of melanoma is cancer vaccines, which improve clinical outcomes in patients. The combination therapy using antibodies and gene vaccine give us a new perspective in the treatment of melanoma patients. Herein, we present the recent progressions in the melanoma immunotherapy, especially dendritic cells mRNA vaccines by reviewing recent literature. |
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Keywords: | cancer immunotherapy immune checkpoint receptors melanoma mRNA-based dendritic cell vaccines |
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