药用植物乌蕨配子体发育的观察

药用植物乌蕨(Stenoloma chusanum(L.)Ching)配子体发育周期短而迅速,是一种研究蕨类配子体世代的生理生态和分子生物学等特征的理想试验材料.本文采用原生境腐殖土培养方法对乌蕨的孢子进行人工培养,观察并记录其孢子萌发和配子体发育的过程.结果表明:乌蕨孢子呈黄色,单裂缝,二面体形;孢子萌发为书带蕨型(Vittaria-type).丝状体4～6个细胞,有时具二叉分枝.片状体为长楔形,达6～8个细胞宽.成熟的原叶体为对称心形,裸露,发育为槲蕨型(Drynaria-type),并且具备一定的营养繁殖能力.原叶体上的假根为单细胞且不含叶绿体.精子器为盖裂开放,颈卵器短而直立.利用孢子培养的方法对乌蕨种苗进行人工繁殖,将为保护性开发利用这一重要药用资源奠定基础.

Observation on the Gametophyte Development of Fairy Fern(Stenoloma chusanum)

Fairy fern (Stenoloma chusanum (L.) Ching),a kind of medical plant,called Wujue in Chinese,is regarded as one of the ideal experimental materials for studying pteridophyte gametophytic generation in physiological ecology and molecular biology due to shortly and rapidly developmental cycle of gametophyte.In this research we observed and recorded spore germination and developmental stages of fairy fern gametophyte via artificial cultivating the fairy fern' spore in humus soil from original habitat.The results showed that the spores present yellow like and monolete dihedron-shape and their spore germination is like Vittaria-type.Germ filament is genenally formed by 4～6 cells or with dichotomous branching.The prothallial plate is formed to be as wedge shape with the thick of 6 to 8 cells.The mature prothallus is a kind of Drynaria-type in the shape of symmetry cordiform,and gymnotremoid that has acquired potential of vegetative reproduction.The pseudorhizes on the prothallium are unicellular and without chloroplasts.The antheridium has a dehiscent lid as well as the archegonium is short and uptight.The spores can successfully artificial propagation to young seedlings in the humus soil of wild pro-habitat,It might provide a platform to conserve and sustainably utilize this important medicinal plant germplasms by artificial cultivating the spore to multiply the fairy fern seedlings.