Hydrophilic carotenoids: surface properties and aqueous aggregation of a rigid, long-chain, highly unsaturated dianionic bolaamphiphile with a carotenoid spacer |
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| Authors: | Foss Bente Jeanette Sliwka Hans-Richard Partali Vassilia Naess Stine Nalum Elgsaeter Arnljot Melø Thor Bernt Naqvi K Razi O'Malley Sean Lockwood Samuel F |
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| Institution: | Department of Chemistry, Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), N-7491 Trondheim, Norway. |
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| Abstract: | The water dispersibility of astaxanthin was greatly enhanced by converting it to a disodium disuccinate salt. This carotenoid salt behaved as a bolaamphiphile in water; dynamic light scattering (DLS) revealed the formation of stable aggregates with an average hydrodynamic radius close to 1 microm. Larger aggregates were observed in solutions of increased osmolarity. Absorption spectra demonstrated that the aggregates could withstand the addition of 20% acetonitrile before disintegrating to monomers. The physicochemical properties of this astaxanthin derivative in solution were comprehensively studied by measuring surface tension, critical aggregate concentration, surface concentration, molecule area, free energy of adsorption and micellation, adsorption-aggregate energy relationship, and equilibrium constants, and then compared with similar compounds reported previously in the literature. |
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| Keywords: | Carotenoids Carotenoid derivatives Astaxanthin Disodium disuccinate astaxanthin Surfactants Aggregates Bolaamphiphile |
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