Cigarette smoking and risk of second primary cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia;2. Cancer Epidemiology Division, Cancer Council Victoria, 615 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia;3. School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, 553 St Kilda Road, Melbourne, Victoria 3004, Australia;1. Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, Department of Surgery, Urology Service, USA;2. VA New York Harbor Healthcare System, USA;3. New York University, Grossman School of Medicine, Department of Urology, USA;4. University of North Carolina, Department of Urology, Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, USA;5. Department of Implementation Science, Wake Forest School of Medicine, USA;6. New York University, School of Global Public Health, Division of Global Health, USA;1. Aurora Healthcare US Corp, 8 Electronics Ave., Danvers, MA 01923, USA;2. Department of OBGYN, Tufts Medical Center, 800 Washington St, Boston, MA 02111, USA;1. College of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding 071002, China;2. Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/ National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/ Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100021, China;3. Center for Global Health, School of Population Medicine and Public Health, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing 100730, China;4. Metabolic Epidemiology Branch, Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD 20850, USA;5. Department of Clinical Nutrition, Daping Hospital, Army Medical University (Third Military Medical University), Chongqing 400042, China;6. College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Science, Pomona, CA 91766, USA;1. Cancer Control Office, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan;2. Section of Pulmonary and Critical Care, Department of Internal Medicine, King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan;3. Pharmacy Student, University of Jordan, Amman 11972, Jordan;4. Volunteer Research Program at King Hussein Cancer Center, Amman 11941, Jordan;5. Medical Student, University of Jordan, Amman 11972, Jordan;1. HCA Florida Brandon Hospital Department of Internal Medicine, 119 Oakfield Drive, Brandon, FL 33511, USA;2. University of Kansas School of Medicine Department of Population Health, 3901 Rainbow Boulevard, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;3. University of Kansas Cancer Center, 4000 Cambridge Street, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA;1. Department of Surgery and Endoscopy, Tenwek Hospital, Bomet, Kenya;2. Department of Surgery, Alpert Medical School of Brown University, Providence, RI, USA;3. Biostatistics Branch, Division of Cancer and Epidemiology, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA;4. Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD, USA;5. Department of Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Kenya;6. Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA |
| |
| Abstract: | Approximately 5% of the population are living with a diagnosis of cancer. Recent improvements in survival following a diagnosis of cancer have led to an increase in second primary cancers (SPCs) worldwide. Their aetiology remains largely unknown with a large proportion believed to be related to modifiable lifestyle factors. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of published data that evaluated an association between cigarette smoking and risk of SPC. Studies were identified by searching Medline, Web of Science, CINAHL (Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature) and Scopus databases through March 2021 using broad search criteria. A meta-analysis was performed to derive pooled relative risks (RRs) for SPC defined a priori as smoking-related based on current evidence (lung, upper aero-digestive tract, stomach, pancreas, colorectum, liver, kidney, ureter, bladder and acute myeloid leukaemia). Eleven cohort studies and ten case-control studies met the eligibility criteria for review. There was marked heterogeneity in methods used in terms of classification and timing of smoking, confounders adjusted for and duration of follow-up across the studies. Nine cohort and seven case-control studies classified smoking habits prior to diagnosis of first cancer while the remaining studies classified post-first cancer smoking habits. In a meta-analysis using six studies, an increased risk of smoking-related SPC was observed for both former (RR=1.42; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.20–1.67) and current smoking (RR=2.76; 95% CI 2.29–3.33), compared with never smoking. The pooled RRs changed only slightly when studies which measured post-first cancer smoking were excluded. A two-fold increase in risk was observed for ever smoking compared with never smoking. In conclusion, there was evidence that smoking might increase the risk of SPC in cancer survivors. For better informed cancer survivorship practice guidelines, more studies are needed particularly of post-cancer smoking and for cancers not known to be caused by smoking. |
| |
| Keywords: | Cigarette smoking Meta-analysis Second primary cancer Systematic review |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
