Toxoplasma gondii in humans and animals in Japan: An epidemiological overview |
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| Institution: | 1. Laboratory of Parasitology, Graduate School of Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Kita-18, Nishi-9, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;2. Clinical Laboratory Diagnosis, Department of Animal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt;3. Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211-5130, USA;4. Department of Zoonoses, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Assiut University, Assiut 71526, Egypt;5. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Nishi 2-13 Inada-cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;1. Transboundary Animal Diseases Research Center, Joint Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kagoshima University, Korimoto 1-21-24, Kagoshima, Japan;2. Department of Veterinary Parasitological Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan;3. Department of Veterinary Clinical Theriogenology, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, Yanagido 1-1, Gifu, Japan;4. Yamatokohgen Animal Medical Clinic, Habikino, Osaka, Japan;1. Department of Applied Ecology, Institute of Environmental Sciences, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation;2. Central Research Laboratory, Kazan State Medical Academy – Branch Campus of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Further Professional Education «Russian Medical Academy of Continuous Professional Education», Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation, 36 Butlerova St., Kazan, Tatarstan 420012, Russian Federation;3. Federal Center for Toxicological, Radiation and Biological Safety, Nauchniy Gorodok-2, Kazan, Tatarstan 420075, Russian Federation;4. Division of Protozoology, Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;5. The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;6. Department of Veterinary Parasitological Diseases, Faculty of Applied Biological Science, 1–1 Yanagido, Gifu 501–1193, Japan;7. Combinatorial Chemistry and Neurobiology OpenLab, Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Kazan Federal University, 18 Kremlyovskaya St, Kazan, Tatarstan 420008, Russian Federation;8. Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health, Gifu University (GeFAH), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;9. Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;1. The United Graduate School of Veterinary Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;2. Department of Developmental Medicine, Research Institute, Osaka Women''s and Children''s Hospital, 840 Murodo-cho, Izumi, Osaka 594-1101, Japan;3. Department of Parasitology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8640, Japan;4. Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;5. Faculty of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Tsukuba, Tennodai 1-1-1, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8572, Japan;6. Okinawa Prefectural Institute of Health and Environment, 17-1 Kanekadan, Okinawa, Uruma city 904-2241, Japan;7. Department of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Applied Biological Sciences, Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;8. Education and Research Center for Food Animal Health (GeFAH), Gifu University, 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan;9. Center for Highly Advanced Integration of Nano and Life Sciences, Gifu University (G-CHAIN), 1-1 Yanagido, Gifu 501-1193, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Toxoplasmosis is a cosmopolitan protozoan zoonosis caused by Toxoplasma gondii infamous for inducing severe clinical manifestations in humans. Although the disease affects at least one billion people worldwide, it is neglected in many countries including developed ones. In literature, the epidemiological data documenting the actual incidence of the disease in humans and domestic animals from Japan are limited and importantly many earlier papers on T. gondii infections were published in Japanese and a considerable part is not available online. Herein, we review the current summary about the epidemiological situation of T. gondii infection in Japan and the potential associated risk factors in humans and animals as well as the different T. gondii genotypes isolated in Japan. Several T. gondii isolates have been identified among cats (TgCatJpTy1/k-3, TgCatJpGi1/TaJ, TgCatJpObi1 and TgCatJpOk1–4) and goats (TgGoatJpOk1–13). This literature review underscores the need for a nationwide investigation of T. gondii infection in Japanese people and assessment of the socioeconomic impact of the disease burden. Furthermore, epidemiological studies in domestic and wild animals and estimation of degree of contamination of soil or water with T. gondii oocysts are needed, for a better understanding of the scope of this public health concern. |
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