A recent chikungunya outbreak associated with the occurrence of Aedes vectors (Diptera: Culicidae) in Kassala state,eastern Sudan in 2018 |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Medical Entomology, National Public Health Laboratory, Federal Ministry of Health, Sudan.;2. Department of Parasitology and Medical Entomology, Faculty of Medical Laboratory Sciences, University of Khartoum, Khartoum, Sudan.;3. Malaria Department, Ministry of Health/Kassala state, Kassala, Sudan.;4. Integrated Vector Management Department, Ministry of Health/Kassala state, Kassala, Sudan.;5. Entomology Department, Faculty of Science, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, Egypt.;1. National Research Center for Protozoan Diseases, Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine, Inada-Cho, Obihiro, Hokkaido 080-8555, Japan;2. Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;3. Department of Biochemistry and Chemistry of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt;1. Department of Ecosystem Studies, Faculty of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga 522-8533, Japan;2. Division of Environmental Dynamics, Graduate School of Environmental Science, The University of Shiga Prefecture, Shiga 522-8533, Japan;1. Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, the University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan;2. Fukui Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 23-1 Urasoko, Tsuruga, Fukui 914-0843, Japan;3. Sugashima Marine Biological Laboratory, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University, Toba 517-0004, Japan;4. Faculty of Science, Hokkaido University, N10W8 Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0180, Japan;1. The Collaboration Unit for Field Epidemiology of State Key Laboratory for Infectious Disease Prevention and Control, Jiangxi Provincial key Laboratory of Animal-origin and Vector-borne Diseases, Nanchang Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Honggutan New District, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330038, China;2. Center for Disease Control and Prevention of Nanchang county, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330200, China;1. Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Museum of Southwestern Biology Division of Parasites, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA |
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| Abstract: | Aedes aegypti and Ae. albopictus (Diptera: Culicidae) are primary vectors of human arboviral diseases such as dengue, chikungunya, yellow fever, and Zika viruses. Aedes aegypti is well distributed in Sudan, except in Northern and Khartoum states, while Ae. albopictus has not been previously reported. Recently, Eastern Sudan witnessed an unprecedented large outbreak of chikungunya fever between 31 May 2018 and 30 March 2019. The outbreak was composed of four waves; one of them was in Kassala state. Aedes survey in localities of Kassala state (rather than Kassala city) is carried out to assess the possible expansion of the disease in the state. The results showed the presence of immature stages of Aedes spp. in four localities from ten localities. From the four localities that recorded Aedes spp., two localities (Rural Kassala and West Kassala) were reported with chikungunya cases. From this investigation, Ae. albopictus was reported for the first time in Sudan. Also, this investigation showed the importance of conducting entomological surveys with epidemiological surveys during outbreaks of arboviral diseases. |
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