A copula-based approach for creating an index of micronutrient intakes at household level in Pakistan |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Carolina Population Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United Sates;2. Department of Nutrition, Gillings School of Global Public Health, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, United Sates;3. Department of Health Policy, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, United Kingdom;4. SAMRC/Wits Centre for Health Economics and Decision Science – PRICELESS SA, Wits School of Public Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa;5. Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa;6. DST/NRF Center of Excellence in Food Security, University of the Western Cape, Cape Town, South Africa;1. Department of Economics, University of Turku, FI-20100 Turku, Finland;2. Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare, FI-00271 Helsinki, Finland;3. Labour Institute for Economic Research LABORE, FI-00530 Helsinki, Finland;4. Department of Economics, University of Jyväskylä, FI-40014 Jyväskylä, Finland;5. IZA Institute of Labor Economics, Bonn, Germany;6. Department of Economics, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;7. Center for Life Course Health Research, University of Oulu, FI-90014 Oulu, Finland;8. Department of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Oulu Deaconess Institute Foundation sr, FI-90101 Oulu, Finland;1. Department of Economics and International Business, Sam Houston State University, 1821 Avenue I, SHB 241A, Huntsville, TX 77341, USA;2. College of Public Health, University of South Florida, 13201 Bruce B. Downs Blvd., MDC56, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;1. LEO, University of Tours, France;2. CEPII, France;3. Paris School of Economics and CNRS, 48 Boulevard Jourdan, 75014 Paris, France;4. Paris School of Economics, ENPC-Paris Tech, PUC-Rio, France |
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| Abstract: | Deficiency of micronutrients is considered as the basic cause of health issues. There are a large number of micronutrients to be considered for good health, which are analyzed separately. However, such analyses involve practical as well as methodological complications and it requires construction of an index representing malnutrition of micronutrients. This study proposes copula methodology to categorize malnutrition of micronutrients at household level by combining the dependence structure of various correlated variables. Data of eleven micronutrients are extracted from HIICS- 2015–16 published by Pakistan -Bureau of Statistics. Seven out of the eleven variables are highly correlated, which are considered to construct the index. These include calcium, iron, iodine, zinc, riboflavin, thiamine and phosphorus intakes per capita at household level. Normal probability distribution is found as the best fit to the sample data of all variables. Gaussian copula function is used to derive multivariate probability distribution by combining univariate marginal probability distribution of each micronutrient. The Multivariate distribution of Gaussian copula model is used to calculate cumulative probabilities, which provide a base to categorize households’ malnutrition w.r.t. micronutrients. The results show that 60% households lie in very low or low category of micronutrient intakes, 20% of households fall into medium category while 20% fall into high or very high category of micronutrient consumption. The proposed methodology might be helpful to combine other micronutrients as well as a variety of correlated variables in many other fields having a survey data |
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| Keywords: | Copula Index Micronutrients and Multivariate |
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