Crystallography of polysaccharides: Current state and challenges |
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| Affiliation: | 1. School of Medicine, Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Organ Repair, Shanghai University, Shanghai 200444, China;2. Tsinghua-Peking Center for Life Sciences, Key Laboratory of Bioorganic Phosphorus Chemistry & Chemical Biology (MOE), Department of Chemistry, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China;1. Innovation Research Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Bioorganic and Natural Products Chemistry, Center for Excellence in Molecular Synthesis, Shanghai Institute of Organic Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, 200032, China;3. Shanghai Frontiers Science Center of Optogenetic Techniques for Cell Metabolism, Shanghai Key Laboratory of New Drug Design, Engineering Research Center of Pharmaceutical Process Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Pharmacy, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai, 200237, China;4. School of Chemistry and Materials Science, Hangzhou Institute for Advanced Study, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou, 310024, China;1. School of Polymer Science and Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266042, China;2. Macromolecules Innovation Institute, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States;3. Department of Sustainable Biomaterials, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA 24061, United States;1. Department of Synthetic Chemistry and Biological Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan;2. ERATO, Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), 5 Sanbancho, Chiyoda-ku, Tokyo 102-0075, Japan |
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| Abstract: | Polysaccharides are the most abundant class of biopolymers, holding an important place in biological systems and sustainable material development. Their spatial organization and intra- and intermolecular interactions are thus of great interest. However, conventional single crystal crystallography is not applicable since polysaccharides crystallize only into tiny crystals. Several crystallographic methods have been developed to extract atomic-resolution structural information from polysaccharide crystals. Small-probe single crystal diffractometry, high-resolution fiber diffraction and powder diffraction combined with molecular modeling brought new insights from various types of polysaccharide crystals, and led to many high-resolution crystal structures over the past two decades. Current challenges lie in the analysis of disorder and defects by further integrating molecular modeling methods for low-resolution diffraction data. |
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| Keywords: | Polysaccharides Crystallography Fiber diffraction Electron diffraction |
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