SOD mimics: From the tool box of the chemists to cellular studies |
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| Affiliation: | 1. MTA-SZTE Lendület Biocolloids Research Group, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary;2. Department of Physical Chemistry and Materials Science, University of Szeged, Szeged H-6720, Hungary;3. Centre for Structural Science, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest H-1117, Hungary |
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| Abstract: | Superoxide dismutases (SODs) are metalloproteins that protect cells against oxidative stress by controlling the concentration of superoxide (O2−) through catalysis of its dismutation. The activity of superoxide dismutases can be mimicked by low-molecular-weight complexes having potential therapeutic applications. This review presents recent strategies for designing efficient SOD mimics, from molecular metal complexes to nanomaterials. Studies of these systems in cells reveal that some SOD mimics, designed to react directly with superoxide, may also indirectly enhance the cellular antioxidant arsenal. Finally, a good understanding of the bioactivity requires information on the cell-penetration, speciation, and subcellular location of the SOD mimics: we will describe recent studies and new techniques that open opportunities for characterizing SOD mimics in biological environments. |
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| Keywords: | SOD mimics or mimetics Design of metallodrugs X-fluorescence imaging or X-fluorescence microscopy XFM Cellular studies BNP/SNP" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_m1Z6BUgRcG" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Boehmite nanoparticles/silica nanoparticles COVID" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_S9gk685pqu" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Coronavirus disease DMSO" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_GMcCmhnUbc" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Dimethyl sulfoxide EDTA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_Px3gGamC5s" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid or 2,2',2'',2'''-(ethane-1,2-diyldinitrilo)tetraacetic acid EPR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_mBQ8IenFQK" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Electron paramagnetic resonance H,P, and T" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_J5OeURdCc7" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" HEPES, phosphate and TRIS buffers ICP-MS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_qd6NZrWZNO" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Inductive-coupled plasma mass spectrometry IECs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_kNeayb176N" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Intestinal epithelial cells Keap1-nrf2" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_8AxH9z9JCK" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 - nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 LC-MS/MS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_BoyZBARydE" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Liquid Chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry MCF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_K2uTL6QmyX" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" McCord and Fridovich assay MCM-41" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_8nSlQyygHT" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Mesoporous MCM-41 silica MnPs" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_K3HTT1kF40" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Mn-porphyrins MOF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_rdBvghWLoJ" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Metal-organic frameworks NBT / XTT" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_G9pxkIy1ng" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Nitro blue tetrazolium / 2,3-bis-(2-methoxy-4-nitro-5-sulfophenyl)-2H-tetrazolium-5-carboxianilide NHE" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_5KfKlx5f5V" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Normal Hydrogen Electrode PAM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_Oe4wlSHH4G" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Poly-aza-macrocycles PFA" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_b9B56hPX75" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Paraformaldehyde PR" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_Ng66b15xG2" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Pulsed radiolysis RNS/ROS" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_5r2fJAFVmF" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Reactive nitrogen species/reactive oxygen species SBA-15" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_Iu3SAOsk57" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Mesoporous SBA-15 silica SF" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_7Oe9CL82RJ" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Stopped-flow SOD" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_IEYZh5PYg0" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" Superoxide dismutase XAS/XFM" },{" #name" :" keyword" ," $" :{" id" :" pc_S1X0TcJQd5" }," $$" :[{" #name" :" text" ," _" :" X-Ray absorption spectroscopy/X-Ray fluorescence microscopy |
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