Resolution of cryptic species complexes within the genus Metagonimus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) in Japan,with descriptions of four new species |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Department of Parasitology, Asahikawa Medical University, Asahikawa, Hokkaido 078-8510, Japan;2. Department of Marine Science and Resources, Nihon University, Fujisawa, Kanagawa 252-0880, Japan;3. Kitakyushu Museum of Natural History and Human History, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 805-0071, Japan;4. Laboratory of Parasitology, Department of Disease Control, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Hokkaido 060-0818, Japan;5. Graduate School of Environmental and Life Science, Okayama University, Okayama, Okayama 700-8530, Japan;6. Department of Biosphere-Geosphere Science, Okayama University of Science, Okayama, Okayama 700-0005, Japan;7. Sapporo Salmon Museum, Sapporo, Hokkaido 005-0017, Japan;8. Department of Bioenvironmental Science, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;9. Laboratory of Veterinary Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Kitasato University, Towada, Aomori 034-8628, Japan;1. Laboratório de Biologia de Trematoda, Department of Parasitology, Institute of Biological Science, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Brazil;2. Department of Medicine, Universidade Federal de Lavras, Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil;3. Museum of Southwestern Biology Division of Parasites, Department of Biology, University of New Mexico, Albuquerque, NM, USA;1. Division of Vectors and Parasitic Diseases, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Republic of Korea;2. Division of Viral Disease Research, Korea National Institute of Health, Republic of Korea;3. Department of Parasitology and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University School of Medicine, Republic of Korea;1. Laboratory of Parasitology, Joint Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Japan;2. Laboratory of Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Saga University, Japan;3. Laboratory of Parasitology, School of Veterinary Medicine, Azabu University, Japan;1. Key Laboratory of Molecular Cell Biology, Ministry of Education, Hebei Key Laboratory of Animal Physiology, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Life Sciences, Hebei Normal University, 050024 Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, PR China;2. Department of Zoology, University of Swabi, Swabi 23561, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan |
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| Abstract: | A nationwide fish survey was conducted in Japan to detect metacercariae of the genus Metagonimus (Trematoda: Heterophyidae). The metacercariae were subjected to DNA barcoding for molecular species identification. A phylogeny inferred from the sequences of mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (cox1) prompted us to recognize three cryptic species complexes (i.e., the M. miyatai complex, the M. takahashii complex, and the M. katsuradai complex). Each complex included one or two undescribed species. For morphological description, adult flukes of each species were raised through the experimental infections of immunosuppressed mice. We propose M. saitoi n. sp., M. kogai n. sp., M. shimazui n. sp., and M. kinoi n. sp., based on their phylogeny, morphology, biogeography, and ecology (host-parasite relationships). The originally described species, M. miyatai, was split into M. miyatai sensu stricto and M. saitoi n. sp. The former is distributed mainly in eastern Japan and uses the sweetfish (Plecoglossus altivelis) and daces (Pseudaspius hakonensis and Ps. sachalinensis) as principal second intermediate hosts, while the latter is in western Japan and its principal fish hosts are the dark chub (Nipponocypris temminckii) and the pale chub (Opsariichthys platypus). The present survey resolves a long-standing controversy on the microtaxonomy of Metagonimus in Japan since the first discovery of Metagonimus yokogawai in 1912, and shows that 10 species of Metagonimus are still distributed in Japan, although human metagonimiasis is almost eradicated. |
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