The invasion by the Yellow-legged hornet: A systematic review

The Yellow-legged hornet (Vespa velutina nigrithorax), native to regions of Southeast Asia, was accidentally introduced in Europe, South Korea, and Japan, where is has often become invasive. Due to its potential negative impacts at ecologic, economic and social levels, this hornet was included in the “Union list” of the EU legislation for invasive alien species. This means that measures are urgently needed to prevent further introductions, as well as to early-detect and control spread to avoid new populations. In this study we aim to identify the main reported drivers of distribution, ecological preferences, impacts, and methods for preventing introduction, controlling, and managing this invasive species. The supporting information was obtained from a comprehensive literature search. Then, a literature review was performed to classify the records gathered and to extract the relevant information following an adapted Drivers-Pressures-State-Impacts-Responses framework. The achieved results show a growing interest of researchers on V. velutina nigrithorax through time due to its quick spread and impacts on new ecosystems. They also revealed that there is much information on the State of invasions, whereas more knowledge is needed regarding the Drivers of those invasions. Biological traits such as life history traits, morphology, and the sting venom properties are some of the most studied topics regarding V. velutina nigrithorax. In the future, research should focus on the topics that lack information, analyse other Response solutions that meet the intended measures by the EU legislation, and use new methodology to study the impacts caused by this invader under new perspectives.