Alterations in phytotoxicity and allelochemistry in response to intraspecific variation in Parthenium hysterophorus |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Botany, Panjab University, Chandigarh, India;2. Department of Environment Studies, Panjab University, Chandigarh 160 014, India;1. Department of Mathematics, Visva-Bharati Santiniketan 731235, India;2. Agricultural and Ecological Research Unit, Indian Statistical Institute 203 B. T. Road, Kolkata 700108, India;1. Institute of Aquatic Ecology, Centre for Ecological Research, Budapest, Hungary;2. Faculty of Information Technology and Bionics, Pázmány Péter Catholic University, Budapest, Hungary;3. Democracy Institute, Central European University, Budapest, Hungary;4. Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Napoli, Italy;1. Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Russia;2. Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Ekaterinburg, Russia;1. York University, Department of Biology, 4700 Keele St. Toronto, Canada, M3J1P3;2. The National Center for Ecological Analysis and Synthesis, UCSB, Santa Barbara, CA, USA;1. Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, UNICAMP, Brazil;2. Department of Entomology and Acaralogy, ESALQ-USP, Brazil;3. School of Mathematics, ITCR, Costa Rica;4. Department of Entomology and Acaralogy, ESALQ-USP, Brazil;5. Methodist University of Piracicaba, Brazil;6. Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, UNICAMP, Brazil;7. Institute of Mathematics, Statistics and Scientific Computing, UNICAMP, Brazil |
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| Abstract: | Allelopathy plays a crucial role in providing competitive advantage to several alien invasive species, and assists in their establishment beyond native boundaries. Role of allelopathy in the invasion success of the alien weed, Parthenium hysterophorus is well established; however, the ecological and evolutionary factors that could affect its allelopathic interactions are relatively unexplored. In our earlier findings, we suggested the presence of two morphotypes (PA and PB) in the population of P. hysterophorus, with variable morphology, physiology, and level of ecological impacts. Here, we hypothesize that phenotypically distinct morphotypes of P. hysterophorus may vary in their phytotoxicity and allelochemistry, thereby producing differential ecological impact. To test this hypothesis, effects of rhizospheric soil (RS) and plant amended soils (PAS) of the two morphotypes of P. hysterophorus (PA and PB) were studied on selected dicot (Bidens pilosa and Senna occidentalis) and monocot species (Phalaris minor and Avena fatua). Also, the composition of allelochemicals in PA and PB was assessed using Liquid Chromatography and Mass Spectrometry (LC-MS). The study revealed that the phytotoxic effect of PB was greater than PA in all the parameters measured for dicot species and in most of the parameters studied in monocot species. A generalized dose-dependent response was observed in the test species (PAS0 < PAS10 < PAS20 < PAS40) and the effect of RS was comparable to PAS20 and PAS40. A greater number of allelochemicals were reported from PB, which is in accordance with the growth studies. The study concludes that intraspecific variations account for differential phytotoxicity and allelochemistry in P. hysterophorus. |
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