Occurrence of the host-parasite system Rhaphiodon vulpinus and Ceratomyxa barbata n. sp. in the two largest watersheds in South America |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo (UNIFESP), Diadema, SP 09972-270, Brazil;2. Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University (FZEA/USP), Pirassununga, SP 13635-900, Brazil;3. Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas (UNICAMP), 13083-970 Campinas, SP, Brazil;1. Department of Veterinary Medicine, School of Animal Husbandry and Food Engineering, São Paulo University - FZEA/USP, Pirassununga, SP, Brazil;2. Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Federal University of São Paulo - UNIFESP, Diadema, SP, Brazil;3. Department of Animal Biology, Institute of Biology, State University of Campinas - UNICAMP, Campinas, SP, Brazil;1. Laboratory of Animal Pathology, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research (CIIMAR), University of Porto, Novo Edifício do Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos S/N, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal;2. Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences (FCUP), University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, FC4, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal;3. Laboratory of Cell Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences Abel Salazar (ICBAS), University of Porto, Rua Jorge Viterbo Ferreira No. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal;4. Department of Sciences, University Institute of Health Sciences, CESPU, Rua Central da Gandra No. 1317, 4585-116 Gandra, Portugal;1. Ordu University, Fatsa Faculty of Marine Sciences, 52400 Ordu, Turkey;2. Sinop University, Faculty of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 57000 Sinop, Turkey;3. Kocaeli University, Faculty of Agricultural and Natural Sciences, 41285 Kocaeli, Turkey |
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| Abstract: | While around world, species of the genus Ceratomyxa parasite majority marine hosts, growing diversity has been reported in South American freshwater fish. The present study reports Ceratomyxa barbata n. sp. parasitizing the gallbladder of the Rhaphiodon vulpinus fish from the Amazon and La Plata basins. Morphological (light and transmission electron microscopy), molecular (sequencing of small subunit ribosomal DNA - SSU rDNA), and phylogenetic analyses were used to characterize the new species. Worm-like plasmodia endowed with motility were found swimming freely in the bile. The myxospores were elongated, lightly arcuate, with rounded ends and had polar tubules with 3 coils in the polar capsules. Ultrastructural analysis revealed plasmodia composed of an outer cytoplasmic region, where elongated tubular mitochondria, a rough endoplasmic reticulum, sporogonic stages, and a large vacuole occupying the internal area were observed. Phylogenetic analysis, based on SSU rDNA, found that among all South America freshwater Ceratomyxa species, C. barbata n. sp. arises as an earlier divergent species. The present study reveals the occurrence of this host-parasite system (R. vulpinus/C. barbata n. sp.) in the two largest watersheds on the continent. |
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