微藻油脂合成代谢途径及调控机制的研究进展

随着经济的快速发展,各国对石油的需求仍有增无减,但是石油作为不可再生能源不利于可持续发展。相比之下,生物柴油应运而生且已发展到了第三代,而微藻作为第三代生物柴油的主角因为具有生长速度快,不占用耕地等优势,已逐渐成为具有极大发展潜力的能源原料,所以利用微藻生产生物柴油的技术近年来也成为研究的重点。本综述针对微藻容易进行基因改造的优势,综述了国内外对微藻油脂代谢通路的研究现状及进展,讨论了目前的基因改造方法对通路中关键酶产生的影响,以求找到能有效并稳定增强微藻油脂代谢途径的方法,为以后的研究提供理论指导。

Advances on Lipid Synthetic Pathway and Regulation Mechanism of Microalgae

With the rapid development of economy,the demand for petroleum in various countries is still on the rise,but as non-renewable energy,it is not good for sustainable development.In contrast,biodiesel emerges at the right moment and has developed to the third generation.Microalgae served as a leading role in the third generation of biodiesel has gradually become the energy raw materials with great development potential because of its advantages such as fast growth and non-occupation of arable land,etc.Therefore,it has become a research focus to utilize microalgae to product biodiesel in recent years.Since microalgae could be genetically modified easily,this paper reviewed the current situation and research advances of microalgae lipid metabolic pathway at home and abroad.The effect of gene modification methods at present on key enzyme in the pathway were discussed in order to find the effective and stable method for enhancing microalgae lipid metabolic pathway and to lay a theoretical foundation for further researches.