循环肿瘤DNA的检测及研究现状

中国癌症发病率与世界水平相持平,死亡率要高于世界水平。虽然更多先进的技术已经运用到癌症治疗领域,但是癌症的死亡率依然居高不下。癌症之所以难克服,是因为肿瘤细胞具有异质性。“液体活检”技术的出现,使无创性治疗方法开始应用到肿瘤治疗领域,循环肿瘤DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)则是“液体活检”中的一种重要素材。血液中游离的DNA被称为cfDNA(Cell free DNA),含有突变的cfDNA就被称作ctDNA。ctDNA所含有的突变一般是单个碱基替换所造成的,只有癌细胞才会有这种情况的发生,这使得ctDNA具有极高的特异性,可作为高灵敏的生物标记物。由于ctDNA存在于血液中,其无创性价值重大。

Detection and Research Status of Circulating Tumor DNA

The incidence of cancer in China is close to the world level,and the mortality rate is higher than the world level.Although more advanced technologies have been used in cancer treatment,the mortality rate of cancer remains high.Cancer is difficult to overcome because tumor cells are heterogeneous.The emergence of"liquid biopsy"technology,make the non-invasive treatments start application in the field of tumor treatment,circulating tumor DNA(circulating tumor DNA,ctDNA)is an important material in the liquid biopsy.The free DNA in the blood is called the cell free DNA,and the mutated cfDNA is called the ctDNA.The mutation of ctDNA is commonly caused by a single base substitution,only cancer cells containing the happening of this kind of situation,this makes the ctDNA has a very high specificity and can be used as a high sensitive biomarkers.Because ctDNA is present in the blood,and its non-invasive value is significant.