In vitro inhibition of herpes simplex virus type 1 replication by Mentha suaveolens essential oil and its main component piperitenone oxide |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;2. Department of Drug Chemistry and Technologies, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;3. Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Institute Pasteur Cenci Bolognetti Foundation, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy;4. San Raffaele Pisana Scientific Institute for Research, Hospitalization and Health Care, Rome, Italy;1. Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sevilla University, 41012 Sevilla, Spain;2. Department of Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain;3. Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, CEU San Pablo University, 28668 Madrid, Spain;1. Clinical Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Medical Elementology & Toxicology, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India;2. Department of Chemistry, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh, U.P. 200202, India;3. CIRBSc, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;4. Research Centre, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;5. Faculty of Pharmacy, Jamia Hamdard (Hamdard University), New Delhi 110062, India;6. Ayurvedic Research Lab., Dabur Research Centre, Ghaziabad, U.P. 201010, India;7. Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi 110025, India;1. Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;2. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;3. Department of Traditional Pharmacy, School of Traditional Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1417653761, Iran;4. School of Traditional Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1449614535, Iran;5. Pharmaceutical Sciences Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;6. Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah 6734667149, Iran;1. Laboratoire de Physiologie Moléculaire des Plantes, Centre de Biotechnologie Borj Cedria, B.P. 901, Hammam-Lif 2050, Tunisia;2. Laboratoire de Physiologie Intégrée, Faculté des Sciences de Bizerte, Jarzouna 7021, Tunisia;3. Laboratoire des Ressources Sylvo-Pastorales de Tabarka, Institut Sylvo-Pastoral de Tabarka, Tunisia;4. Laboratoire des Venins et des Biomolécules Thérapeutiques, Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia;5. Laboratoire d’Epidémiologie et Microbiologie Vétérinaire, Groupes de Bactériologie et Développement Biotechnologique. Institut Pasteur de Tunis, 13, Place Pasteur, B.P. 74, Tunis-Belvédère 1002, Tunisia;6. National Institute of Applied Science and Technology, Department of Biology, Laboratory of Plant Biotechnology, B.P. 676, Tunis 1080, Tunisia |
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| Abstract: | Several essential oils exert in vitro activity against bacteria and viruses and, among these latter, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is known to develop resistance to commonly used antiviral agents. Thus, the effects of the essential oil derived from Mentha suaveolens (EOMS) and its active principle piperitenone oxide (PEO) were tested in in vitro experimental model of infection with HSV-1. The 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) was determined at 5.1 μg/ml and 1.4 μg/ml for EOMS and PEO, respectively. Australian tea tree oil (TTO) was used as control, revealing an IC50 of 13.2 μg/ml. Moreover, a synergistic action against HSV-1 was observed when each oil was added in combination with acyclovir. In order to find out the mechanism of action, EOMS, PEO and TTO were added to the cells at different times during the virus life-cycle. Results obtained by yield reduction assay indicated that the antiviral activity of both compounds was principally due to an effect after viral adsorption. Indeed, no reduction of virus yield was observed when cells were treated during viral adsorption or pre-treated before viral infection. In particular, PEO exerted a strong inhibitory effect by interfering with a late step of HSV-1 life-cycle. HSV-1 infection is known to induce a pro-oxidative state with depletion of the main intracellular antioxidant glutathione and this redox change in the cell is important for viral replication. Interestingly, the treatment with PEO corrected this deficit, thus suggesting that the compound could interfere with some redox-sensitive cellular pathways exploited for viral replication. Overall our data suggest that both EOMS and PEO could be considered good candidates for novel anti-HSV-1 strategies, and need further exploration to better characterize the targets underlying their inhibition. |
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| Keywords: | Tea tree oil Essential oil Herpes simplex Glutathione Viral activity |
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