Bozasella gracilis n. sp. (Ciliophora,Entodiniomorphida) from Asian elephant and phylogenetic analysis of entodiniomorphids and vestibuliferids |
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| Affiliation: | 1. Ookusa Animal Clinic, Ookusa 503, Matsue, Shimane 690-0032, Japan;2. Department of Parasitology, Nippon Veterinary and Life Science University, Musashino, Tokyo 180-8602, Japan;1. Centre for Limnology, Institute of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 61117 Rannu, Tartu, Estonia;2. Department of Aquaculture, Institute of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Sciences, Estonian University of Life Sciences, 48 Kreutzwaldi Street, Tartu, Estonia;1. Laboratório de Biologia Molecular “Francisco Mauro Salzano”, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém, PA, Brazil;2. División Invertebrados, Museo Argentino de Ciencias Naturales “Bernardino Rivadavia”, Buenos Aires, Argentina;3. Biologisches Institut - Abteilung Zoologie, Universität Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany;1. Universität Salzburg, FB Organismische Biologie, Hellbrunnerstrasse 34, A-5020 Salzburg, Austria;2. Inha University, Biological Sciences, 402-251 Incheon, South Korea;3. Universität Kaiserslautern, FB Biologie, Erwin-Schrödingerstrasse 14, D-67663 Kaiserslautern, Germany;1. Department of Animal Parasitology, Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China;2. Hangzhou Key Laboratory for Animal Sciences and Technology, School of Life and Environment Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 310036, China;3. Laboratory of Protozoology, Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003, China;1. Division of Life Sciences, Korea Polar Research Institute, Incheon 21990, South Korea;2. Department of Biological Sciences, Inha University, Incheon 22212, South Korea;3. Institute of Life Science & Natural Resources, Korea University, Seoul 02841, South Korea;4. Department of Biology, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung 25457, South Korea;5. Consulting Engineering Office for Ecology, Radetzkystrasse 10, 5020 Salzburg, Austria |
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| Abstract: | Bozasella gracilis n. sp. in the order Entodiniomorphida was found in fecal samples of an Asian elephant kept in a zoo. The ciliate has general and infraciliary similarities to the families Ophryoscolecidae and Cycloposthiidae. Phylogenetic trees were inferred from 18S rRNA gene sequences of B. gracilis, 45 entodiniomorphids, 10 vestibuliferids, 5 macropodiniids, and an outgroup, using maximum likelihood, Bayesian inference, and neighbor joining analyses. Of them, there were 32 new sequences; 26 entodiniomorphid species in the genera, Bozasella, Triplumaria, Gassovskiella, Ditoxum, Spirodinium, Triadinium, Tetratoxum, Pseudoentodinium, Ochoterenaia, Circodinium, Blepharocorys, Sulcoarcus, Didesmis, Alloiozona, Blepharoconus, Hemiprorodon, and Prorodonopsis, and 6 vestibuliferid species in the genera, Buxtonella, Balantidium, Helicozoster, Latteuria, and Paraisotricha. Thirty additional sequences were retrieved from the GenBank database. Phylogenetic trees revealed non-monophylies of the orders Entodiniomorphida and Vestibuliferida, the suborders Entodiniomorphina and Blepharocorythina, and the families Cycloposthiidae and Paraisotrichidae. Bozasella gracilis was sister to Triplumaria. In addition, to avoid homonymy, we propose Gilchristinidae nom. nov., Gilchristina nom. nov. and Gilchristina artemis (Ito, Van Hoven, Miyazaki & Imai, 2006) comb. nov. |
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| Keywords: | 18S rRNA gene sequence Elephant Entodiniomorphida Vestibuliferida |
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